Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Semin Immunopathol. 2018 Nov;40(6):605-615. doi: 10.1007/s00281-018-0705-x. Epub 2018 Sep 12.
Recent studies of molecular mobility in the plasma membrane have revealed that diffusion is restricted by cytoskeletal networks or fences. Transmembrane protein "pickets" that reversibly associate with the membrane-associated skeleton and with the pericellular coat impede the movement of unattached bystander molecules. While membrane picket-fences were originally described as barriers to free diffusion in more passive cell types such as fibroblasts, they have particularly important functions in the more dynamic immune cells. In phagocytes, such fences curtail spontaneous activation and their disassembly facilitates stimulation by target particles, fostering receptor clustering and the exclusion of phosphatases from the phagocytic cup. In this review, we describe the nature of the cellular cytoskeleton and of the exoskeleton created by the pericellular coat, their association with transmembrane pickets, and the modulation of molecular mobility during phagocytosis.
最近对质膜中分子流动性的研究表明，扩散受到细胞骨架网络或围栏的限制。可与膜相关骨架和细胞周被囊可逆结合的跨膜蛋白“岗哨”会阻碍无附着旁观者分子的运动。虽然最初将膜岗哨围栏描述为更被动细胞类型（如成纤维细胞）中自由扩散的障碍，但它们在更具动态性的免疫细胞中具有特别重要的功能。在吞噬细胞中，这种围栏限制了自发激活，其解体促进了靶颗粒的刺激，促进了受体聚类，并使磷酸酶从吞噬杯中排除。在这篇综述中，我们描述了细胞细胞骨架的性质和由细胞周被囊形成的细胞外骨架，它们与跨膜岗哨的关联，以及吞噬过程中分子流动性的调节。
