a Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
b Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia UNED.
J Psychol. 2018;152(7):515-527. doi: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1486801. Epub 2018 Sep 13.
Many health-risk behaviors present a self-control conflict in which the short-term outcomes of an action conflict with its long-term consequences. Across three studies, we find that an abstract construal level leads people to focus on long-term rather than short-term consequences when both are described in a message (vs. no message). Studies 1 and 2 explore this hypothesis through a risk behavior (snacking on sugary products), and Study 3 does the same through a health behavior (physical exercise). In Study 1, the Behavioral Identification Form scale is used to measure the construal level as a personal disposition; Studies 2 and 3 use a priming task designed by Freitas, Gollwitzer, and Trope to manipulate the construal level. All these studies show that, under an abstract mindset, people who have read a mixed-outcome message (vs. no message) tend to base their behavioral plans on long-term outcomes. Individually or in small groups (e.g. school class, therapy groups) health messages can be presented along with protocols to change construal level and thus, promote healthier intentions.
许多健康风险行为都存在自我控制冲突，即行为的短期结果与其长期后果相冲突。在三项研究中，我们发现，当一个信息同时描述了短期和长期后果时，抽象的构建水平会促使人们关注长期后果而不是短期后果（与没有信息的情况相比）。研究 1 和 2 通过一种风险行为（吃含糖产品）来探索这一假设，研究 3 通过一种健康行为（体育锻炼）来进行同样的探索。在研究 1 中，使用行为识别表单量表来衡量作为个人特质的构建水平；研究 2 和 3 使用弗雷塔斯、戈尔维策和特罗普设计的启动任务来操纵构建水平。所有这些研究都表明，在抽象思维模式下，阅读了混合结果信息的人（与没有信息的情况相比）往往会根据长期结果来制定行为计划。个体或小团体（例如，学校班级、治疗小组）可以在提供健康信息的同时，制定改变构建水平的方案，从而促进更健康的意图。
