College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2018 Nov;121:360-366. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.017. Epub 2018 Sep 11.
Permanent oxidative hair dyes are widely used but their toxicity is not well-established. Here we aimed to evaluate the skin sensitization and irritation of nine hair dye substances (MAP, MRP-N, RS, PAOX, 2,4-DAPE, 2,6-PYR, PPD, Grey HED and PM) permitted for use in EU and Korea, using in vitro and in chemico and in silico test methods. Skin sensitization was evaluated by the KeratinoSens™ assay, Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) and DEREK. Six of nine dyes tested were determined as sensitizers in common. However, the decision for MAP, RS or PAOX was diverged across assays showing 2 positives and 1 negative. Skin irritation of hair dye substances was assessed with or without 6% HO on a reconstructed human epidermis, Epiderm™, which demonstrated that HO increased the skin irritation potential of some hair dyes. PPD and PM were determined to be irritants with HO. Epidermal damages by hair dye and HO could be further confirmed through the histology of tissue remaining after MTT assay. Collectively, our study demonstrated that hair dyes possess potential skin sensitization and irritation issues which could be further aggravated by HO.
永久性氧化染发剂被广泛使用，但它们的毒性尚未得到充分证实。在这里，我们旨在使用体外和化学计算及计算机模拟测试方法评估欧盟和韩国允许使用的九种染发剂物质（MAP、MRP-N、RS、PAOX、2,4-DAPE、2,6-PYR、PPD、Grey HED 和 PM）的皮肤致敏和刺激性。通过 KeratinoSens™ 测定法、直接肽反应性测定法 (DPRA) 和 DEREK 评估皮肤致敏性。在共同测试的九种染料中，有六种被确定为致敏剂。然而，对于 MAP、RS 或 PAOX 的决定，在不同的测试中存在分歧，其中 2 个呈阳性，1 个呈阴性。使用重组人体表皮（Epiderm™）评估染发剂物质的皮肤刺激性，表皮中有或没有 6%的 HO，结果表明 HO 增加了一些染发剂的皮肤刺激性潜力。PPD 和 PM 被确定为有 HO 的刺激性物质。通过 MTT 测定法后组织的组织学，可以进一步确认染发剂和 HO 对表皮的损伤。总的来说，我们的研究表明，染发剂具有潜在的皮肤致敏和刺激性问题，HO 可能会进一步加重这些问题。
