1Public Health Directorate,St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust,West Midlands,England.
2Bazian Ltd,An Economist Intelligence Unit Business,London,England.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2019 Jun;13(3):618-625. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2018.82. Epub 2018 Sep 17.
This literature review aimed to identify the range of methods used in after action reviews (AARs) of public health emergencies and to develop appraisal tools to compare methodological reporting and validity standards.
A review of biomedical and gray literature identified key approaches from AAR methodological research, real-world AARs, and AAR reporting templates. We developed a 50-item tool to systematically document AAR methodological reporting and a linked 11-item summary tool to document validity. Both tools were used sequentially to appraise the literature included in this study.
This review included 24 highly diverse papers, reflecting the lack of a standardized approach. We observed significant divergence between the standards described in AAR and qualitative research literature, and real-world AAR practice. The lack of reporting of basic methods to ensure validity increases doubt about the methodological basis of an individual AAR and the validity of its conclusions.
The main limitations in current AAR methodology and reporting standards may be addressed through our 11 validity-enhancing recommendations. A minimum reporting standard for AARs could help ensure that findings are valid and clear for others to learn from. A registry of AARs, based on a common reporting structure, may further facilitate shared learning. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:618-625).
本文献综述旨在确定在公共卫生突发事件事后评估（AAR）中使用的方法范围，并制定评估工具来比较方法学报告和有效性标准。
对生物医学和灰色文献的回顾确定了 AAR 方法学研究、实际 AAR 和 AAR 报告模板中的关键方法。我们开发了一个 50 项工具，用于系统地记录 AAR 方法学报告，并开发了一个链接的 11 项摘要工具来记录有效性。这两个工具依次用于评估本研究中包含的文献。
本综述包括 24 篇高度多样化的论文，反映了缺乏标准化方法。我们观察到 AAR 和定性研究文献以及实际 AAR 实践中描述的标准之间存在显著差异。缺乏报告基本方法以确保有效性，这增加了对单个 AAR 的方法学基础及其结论有效性的怀疑。
当前 AAR 方法学和报告标准的主要限制可以通过我们的 11 项增强有效性的建议来解决。AAR 的最低报告标准可以帮助确保结果对其他人来说是有效的和清晰的，以便从中学习。基于通用报告结构的 AAR 登记处可能会进一步促进共享学习。（灾难医学与公共卫生准备。2019 年；13：618-625）。
