Mörkl Sabrina, Wagner-Skacel Jolana, Lahousen Theresa, Lackner Sonja, Holasek Sandra Johanna, Bengesser Susanne Astrid, Painold Annamaria, Holl Anna Katharina, Reininghaus Eva
Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Unit of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center (for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Neuropsychobiology. 2018 Sep 17:1-9. doi: 10.1159/000492834.
Individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders experience high levels of illness burden and a significantly reduced quality of life. Despite targeted psychopharmacological strategies and complementary psychotherapeutic procedures only moderate effects are obtained, and the risk of relapse is high in many patients. Worldwide, psychiatric diseases such as depression are continuously increasing, challenging the personal life of the affected as well as their families, but also whole societies by increasing disability, early retirement and hospitalization. According to current scientific knowledge psychiatric disorders are caused by a multifactorial pathogenesis, including genetics, inflammation and neurotransmitter imbalance; furthermore, also lifestyle-associated factors gain rising importance. In line with this, there is growing evidence that the gut microbiota and nutrition have an impact on the onset and course of psychiatric disorders.
This narrative review highlights the important role of nutrition in psychiatric care and underlines the significance of nutritional advice in the multifactorial, biopsychosocial treatment of patients. It focuses on current dietary interventions such as the Mediterranean diet, dietary supplements and modifications of the gut microbiota with pre-, pro- and postbiotics.
Recent studies support the connection between the quality of diet, gut microbiota and mental health through regulation of metabolic functions, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties and the support of neurogenesis. Dietary coaching to improve mental health seems to be an additional, cost-effective, practical, nonpharmacological intervention for individuals with psychiatric disorders.
The use of nutritional interventions in psychiatry equips therapists with a promising tool for both the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Besides pharmacological therapy, psychotherapy and physical activity, nutritional interventions are an important pillar in the multifactorial, biopsychosocial treatment of psychiatric disease and could be used as a potential therapeutic target.
患有精神疾病的个体承受着高水平的疾病负担，生活质量显著下降。尽管有针对性的精神药理学策略和辅助心理治疗程序，但效果仅为中等，而且许多患者复发风险很高。在全球范围内，抑郁症等精神疾病持续增加，不仅给患者及其家庭的个人生活带来挑战，还因残疾、提前退休和住院率上升给整个社会带来挑战。根据当前科学知识，精神疾病是由多因素发病机制引起的，包括遗传、炎症和神经递质失衡；此外，与生活方式相关的因素也日益重要。与此相符的是，越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物群和营养对精神疾病的发病和病程有影响。
本叙述性综述强调了营养在精神科护理中的重要作用，并强调了营养建议在多因素生物心理社会治疗患者中的重要性。它重点关注当前的饮食干预措施，如地中海饮食、膳食补充剂以及使用益生元、益生菌和合生元对肠道微生物群进行调节。
最近的研究通过调节代谢功能、抗炎和抗凋亡特性以及支持神经发生，支持了饮食质量、肠道微生物群与心理健康之间的联系。饮食指导以改善心理健康似乎是对患有精神疾病的个体的一种额外的、具有成本效益的、实用的非药物干预措施。
在精神病学中使用营养干预措施为治疗师提供了一个用于预防和治疗精神疾病的有前景的工具。除了药物治疗、心理治疗和体育活动外，营养干预是精神疾病多因素生物心理社会治疗的重要支柱，并且可以用作潜在的治疗靶点。
