Teaching Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
Curr Pharm Des. 2020;26(20):2353-2362. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200318152530.
Bipolar disorder and major depression are associated with significant disability, morbidity, and reduced life expectancy. People with mood disorders have shown higher ratios of unhealthy lifestyle choices, including poor diet quality and suboptimal nutrition. Diet and nutrition impact on brain /mental health, but cognitive outcomes have been less researched in psychiatric disorders. Neurocognitive dysfunction is a major driver of social dysfunction and a therapeutic target in mood disorders, although effective cognitive-enhancers are currently lacking. This narrative review aimed to assess the potential cognitive benefits of dietary and nutritional interventions in subjects diagnosed with mood disorders. Eight clinical trials with nutrients were identified, whereas none involved dietary interventions. Efficacy to improve select cognitive deficits has been reported, but results are either preliminary or inconsistent. Methodological recommendations for future cognition trials in the field are advanced. Current evidence and future views are discussed from the perspectives of precision medicine, clinical staging, nutritional psychiatry, and the brain-gut-microbiota axis.
双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症与显著的残疾、发病率和预期寿命缩短有关。情绪障碍患者表现出更高比例的不健康生活方式选择，包括饮食质量差和营养状况不佳。饮食和营养会影响大脑/心理健康，但在精神疾病中，认知结果的研究较少。神经认知功能障碍是社会功能障碍的主要驱动因素，也是情绪障碍的治疗靶点，尽管目前缺乏有效的认知增强剂。本综述旨在评估诊断为情绪障碍的患者中饮食和营养干预的潜在认知益处。确定了八项涉及营养素的临床试验，但没有一项涉及饮食干预。已经报道了改善某些认知缺陷的疗效，但结果要么是初步的，要么是不一致的。为该领域未来的认知试验提出了方法学建议。从精准医学、临床分期、营养精神病学和脑-肠-微生物群轴的角度讨论了当前的证据和未来的观点。
