Córdoba-South Community Mental Health Unit, Mental Health Clinical Management Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, C/Huelva s/n, 14013 Cordoba, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, University of Cordoba, Avd Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 19;14(24):5388. doi: 10.3390/nu14245388.
Background: The traditional therapeutic approach has perceived the role of nutrition as a minor intervention in psychiatry. The microbiota−gut−brain axis theory evidences the influence of dietary and nutritional patterns on mental health. Aims: To evidence the impact of dietary advice on increasing symbiotic intake on nutritional status and dietary habits in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Methods: Randomised clinical trial (two-arm, double-blind, balanced-block, six-month intervention) in 50 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The control group received conventional dietary advice on an individual basis. A personal nutritional education programme was established in the intervention group (IG) to increase prebiotic and probiotic intake through dietary advice (dairy and fermented foods, green leafy vegetables, high-fibre fruit, whole grains, etc.). Data on nutritional status and dietary habits were collected (baseline and six months). The degree of dietary adherence to the recommended patterns was recorded weekly. Anthropometric parameters were also analysed monthly. Results: Finally, 44 subjects completed the follow-up. All participants exceeded the dietary reference intakes. The overall and intra-group analysis showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in macro and micronutrient intakes with a closer approximation to the recommended dietary intakes, except for polyunsaturated fatty acids, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and dietary fibre. After six months of intervention, statistical differences (p < 0.001) were found in all variables of the anthropometric profile in the IG, as well as an increase in the consumption of foods with a high symbiotic content (at baseline and six months). Likewise, a reduction in eggs, meat, fish, sugars and ultra-processed foods was evident, leading to significant intra-group differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Implementing conventional nutritional education strategies and specific nutritional advice with a symbiotic effect improves the dietary-nutritional profile in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, it highlights the nutritional impact on mental health, stating itself as adjuvant therapy for physical health and lifestyle improvement.
传统的治疗方法认为营养在精神科的作用是次要的干预。微生物群-肠道-大脑轴理论证明了饮食和营养模式对心理健康的影响。目的：证明饮食建议对增加共生摄入对精神分裂症谱系障碍患者营养状况和饮食习惯的影响。方法：对 50 名诊断为精神分裂症谱系障碍的患者进行随机临床试验（两臂、双盲、平衡块、六个月干预）。对照组接受个体化常规饮食建议。在干预组（IG）中建立个人营养教育计划，通过饮食建议（乳制品和发酵食品、绿叶蔬菜、高纤维水果、全谷物等）增加益生元和益生菌的摄入。收集营养状况和饮食习惯的数据（基线和六个月）。每周记录饮食对推荐模式的依从程度。每月分析人体测量参数。结果：最后，44 名受试者完成了随访。所有参与者均超过了膳食参考摄入量。总体和组内分析显示，除多不饱和脂肪酸、低聚糖、多糖和膳食纤维外，宏量和微量营养素的摄入量均显著减少（p < 0.05），更接近推荐的膳食摄入量。干预六个月后，IG 所有人体测量参数均有统计学差异（p < 0.001），同时共生含量高的食物摄入量增加（基线和六个月）。同样，鸡蛋、肉类、鱼类、糖和超加工食品的摄入量明显减少，组内差异有统计学意义（p < 0.05）。结论：实施常规营养教育策略和具有共生作用的具体营养建议可改善精神分裂症谱系障碍患者的饮食-营养状况。此外，它强调了营养对心理健康的影响，将其作为改善身体健康和生活方式的辅助治疗。
