Schaller Katrin, Mons Ute
Stabsstelle Krebsprävention/WHO-Kollaborationszentrum für Tabakkontrolle, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2018 Nov;61(11):1429-1438. doi: 10.1007/s00103-018-2819-7.
In Germany, several tobacco control policies have been implemented since 2002. These include tobacco tax increases, restrictions on sale and advertising, smoke-free legislation, and health warnings on tobacco products. All of those contributed to the emerging trend towards nonsmoking - especially among youth and young adults - as well as to the impressive decline of cigarette sales from 145.1 billion cigarettes in 2002 to 75.8 billion in 2017. Despite this, still 13% of all deaths are attributable to smoking in Germany.Other countries are acting in a more committed manner and are implementing much stronger tobacco control policies than Germany. Germany is the only EU country that doesn't yet have a billboard ban on tobacco advertising, the smoke-free legislation is weak due to exceptions, and for more than ten years the tobacco tax has not been markedly increased. Globally, more than 30 countries have implemented at the highest possible level four of the six most important tobacco control policies as defined by the World Health Organization - Germany has implemented only two policies. Therefore, on an international scale, Germany is clearly lagging behind in tobacco control and on the European Tobacco Control Scale it is ranked second last. A more committed and compelling approach towards tobacco control is required in Germany to reach a position in terms of protecting the population from the devastating health hazards of smoking, which would be appropriate for a leading industrial nation.
自2002年以来，德国实施了多项烟草控制政策。这些政策包括提高烟草税、限制销售和广告、无烟立法以及在烟草产品上设置健康警示。所有这些措施都推动了不吸烟的新趋势——尤其是在青少年和年轻人当中——同时也使得卷烟销量从2002年的1451亿支大幅下降至2017年的758亿支。尽管如此，在德国，仍有13%的死亡归因于吸烟。其他国家采取了更为坚决的行动，实施的烟草控制政策比德国更为有力。德国是欧盟唯一尚未全面禁止烟草广告广告牌的国家，其无烟立法因存在例外情况而力度较弱，而且十多年来烟草税一直没有显著提高。在全球范围内，超过30个国家已尽可能全面地实施了世界卫生组织界定的六项最重要烟草控制政策中的四项——德国仅实施了两项政策。因此，在国际层面上，德国在烟草控制方面明显滞后，在欧洲烟草控制排名中位列倒数第二。德国需要采取更坚决、更有力的烟草控制措施，以在保护民众免受吸烟带来的毁灭性健康危害方面达到与其作为领先工业国家相称的水平。
