Praßer Thomas, Hallmann Hans-Jürgen, Goecke Michaela
Referat 1-13, Prävention des Substanzmissbrauchs, Suchtprävention, Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), Maarweg 149-161, 50825, Köln, Deutschland.
Ginko Stiftung für Prävention, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2021 Jun;64(6):679-687. doi: 10.1007/s00103-021-03334-9. Epub 2021 May 22.
Alcohol prevention in municipalities is an important and complex aspect of drug prevention in Germany. Based on the principle of subsidiarity, prevention measures are characterised by different legal requirements and prevailing conditions. On the one hand, the federal government set a legal framework with the law of prevention (PrävG) in 2015 and established the national strategy of drug policy and prevention in 2012. On the other hand, municipalities are responsible for the detailed design of local drug policy and interventions together with federal states. Furthermore, preventive measures need to fit local challenges and conditions.Hence, we discuss different strategies of alcohol prevention in municipalities and explain how these strategies fit in administrative frameworks. We also look critically at specific local situations and challenges but also at conditions and possibilities to establish a quality-assured local alcohol policy. Promising approaches from pilot projects are contributed to the discussion.Political decisionmakers, scientists and skilled workers accord that alcohol prevention needs to be implemented in municipal settings and that it is a field of growing importance. We conclude that there is a need to improve local prevention measures by creating better access to qualification programs for skilled workers in combination with a constant transfer between science and pratice of current research results and best practices by providing consultation and support from coordinating institutions for local interventions, especially for the identification of challenges and conditions. Local initiatives should receive better access to interventions that are proven to be effective, and these interventions should be sustainable anchored and evaluated in their municipal settings.
在德国，城市地区的酒精预防是药物预防的一个重要且复杂的方面。基于辅助性原则，预防措施具有不同的法律要求和普遍条件。一方面，联邦政府在2015年通过预防法（PrävG）设定了法律框架，并于2012年制定了国家毒品政策与预防战略。另一方面，城市与联邦州共同负责地方毒品政策和干预措施的详细设计。此外，预防措施需要适应当地的挑战和条件。因此，我们讨论城市地区酒精预防的不同策略，并解释这些策略如何适应行政框架。我们还批判性地审视具体的当地情况和挑战，以及建立有质量保证的地方酒精政策的条件和可能性。试点项目中可行的方法也纳入了讨论范围。政治决策者、科学家和技术人员一致认为，酒精预防需要在城市环境中实施，且这是一个日益重要的领域。我们得出结论，有必要通过为技术人员提供更好的资格认证项目渠道，结合科学与实践之间持续传递当前研究成果和最佳实践，由协调机构为地方干预措施提供咨询和支持，特别是用于识别挑战和条件，来改进地方预防措施。地方倡议应能更好地获得经证实有效的干预措施，并且这些干预措施应在其城市环境中得到可持续的落实和评估。
