Kirsch Hanne, Mentzel Hans-Joachim
Sektion Kinderradiologie, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland.
Radiologe. 2018 Oct;58(10):914-924. doi: 10.1007/s00117-018-0451-z.
Due to progress in the development of sequences and techniques magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, such as functional MR urography (fMRU), arterial spin labeling (ASL), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tension imaging (DTI) and blood oxygen level dependent MRI (BOLD-MRI) have become available for renal functional evaluation. In recent years research of these imaging techniques has demonstrated that they provide valid functional data with respect to renal perfusion, oxygenation and interstitial diffusion as well as glomerular filtration and the extent of an obstructive uropathy. Many pathophysiological renal processes, e. g. in transplanted kidneys, in the setting of chronic kidney disease and in the diagnostics of renal tumors, can therefore be fully evaluated. The fMRU, which enables a reliable assessment of renal function combined with high-resolution morphological evaluation of the kidneys and the entire urinary tract, has already become an inherent component in the clinical setting, at least in specialized pediatric radiology centers. To establish the new imaging methods in the clinical routine, further technical improvements and large-scale prospective clinical studies are necessary to validate the determined functional parameters, to generate standard protocols and to unify and facilitate data post-processing.
由于序列和技术的发展，磁共振成像（MRI）方法，如功能磁共振尿路造影（fMRU）、动脉自旋标记（ASL）、扩散加权成像（DWI）、扩散张量成像（DTI）和血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像（BOLD-MRI）已可用于肾功能评估。近年来，对这些成像技术的研究表明，它们能提供有关肾灌注、氧合、间质扩散以及肾小球滤过和梗阻性尿路病程度的有效功能数据。因此，许多病理生理肾过程，如移植肾、慢性肾病背景下以及肾肿瘤诊断中的过程，都能得到充分评估。fMRU能够可靠地评估肾功能，并结合对肾脏和整个尿路的高分辨率形态学评估，至少在专业儿科放射学中心，它已经成为临床环境中的一个固有组成部分。为了在临床常规中确立这些新的成像方法，需要进一步的技术改进和大规模前瞻性临床研究，以验证所确定的功能参数、生成标准方案并统一和简化数据后处理。
