Lau Mabel C, Goh Winston D, Yap Melvin J
1 Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
2 School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2018 Oct;71(10):2207-2222. doi: 10.1177/1747021817739834. Epub 2018 Jan 1.
Psycholinguists have developed a number of measures to tap different aspects of a word's semantic representation. The influence of these measures on lexical processing has collectively been described as semantic richness effects. However, the effects of these word properties on memory are currently not well understood. This study examines the relative contributions of lexical and semantic variables in free recall and recognition memory at the item-level, using a megastudy approach. Hierarchical regression of recall and recognition performance on a number of lexical-semantic variables showed task-general effects where the structural component, frequency, number of senses, and arousal accounted for unique variance in both free recall and recognition memory. Task-specific effects included number of features, imageability, and body-object interaction, which accounted for unique variance in recall, whereas age of acquisition, familiarity, and extremity of valence accounted for unique variance in recognition. Forward selection regression analyses generally converged on these findings. Hierarchical regression also revealed that lexical variables accounted for more variance in recognition compared with recall, whereas semantic variables accounted for more unique variance above and beyond lexical variables in recall compared with recognition. Implications of the findings are discussed.
心理语言学家已经开发出了一些方法来探究一个词的语义表征的不同方面。这些方法对词汇加工的影响被统称为语义丰富性效应。然而，目前人们对这些词的属性对记忆的影响还了解得不够透彻。本研究采用大规模研究方法，在项目层面考察词汇和语义变量在自由回忆和识别记忆中的相对贡献。对回忆和识别表现进行的一系列词汇 - 语义变量的分层回归显示出任务通用效应，其中结构成分、频率、义项数量和唤醒度在自由回忆和识别记忆中都解释了独特的方差。任务特定效应包括特征数量、可想象性和身体与物体的相互作用，这些在回忆中解释了独特的方差，而习得年龄、熟悉度和效价极端性在识别中解释了独特的方差。向前选择回归分析总体上与这些发现一致。分层回归还表明，与回忆相比，词汇变量在识别中解释的方差更多，而与识别相比，语义变量在回忆中除词汇变量之外解释的独特方差更多。本文讨论了这些发现的意义。
