University of Bordeaux, Labpsy, France.
Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science, University of Geneva, FPSE, Boulevard du Pont-d'Arve 40, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland.
Mem Cognit. 2024 Apr;52(3):610-621. doi: 10.3758/s13421-023-01487-3. Epub 2023 Nov 9.
Two experiments were designed to investigate the relationship between individual lexical skills in young adults and memory performance on words varying by their orthographic neighborhood size. In Experiment 1, a sample of 100 university students were administrated a set of spelling, reading, and vocabulary tests to assess their lexical skills. Then, they had to learn mixed lists of words from high and low neighborhood size and perform free recall and memory recognition tasks. Importantly, high lexical skills were found to enhance free recall and, to a lesser extent, recognition. In addition, a typical mirror effect of neighborhood size was found in recognition as words were better recognized and also produced less false alarms when they had a low neighborhood size. In Experiment 2, pure lists of words were designed and a new sample of 90 university students was assessed. We replicated the effect of lexical skills in free recall and the effect of neighborhood size for hits in recognition. Spelling skills were found to interact with neighborhood size in free recall in that low spelling skills were associated with a facilitatory effect of neighborhood size. In recognition, a relation between reading skills and neighborhood size was found such that the higher the reading skills, the higher was the inhibitory effect of neighborhood size. These results provide new evidence of an influence of lexical skills in word memory performance and underline the role of orthographic neighborhood size in episodic memory tasks.
两项实验旨在研究年轻成年人的个体词汇技能与词汇的正字法邻接大小对记忆表现的关系。在实验 1 中,100 名大学生接受了一系列拼写、阅读和词汇测试,以评估他们的词汇技能。然后,他们需要学习高邻接大小和低邻接大小的混合单词列表,并执行自由回忆和记忆识别任务。重要的是,高词汇技能被发现可以增强自由回忆,并且在一定程度上增强识别。此外,在识别中发现了邻接大小的典型镜像效应,因为当邻接大小较小时,单词的识别和产生的错误警报较少。在实验 2 中,设计了纯单词列表,并对 90 名新的大学生进行了评估。我们复制了词汇技能在自由回忆中的作用以及邻接大小对识别中的命中的作用。拼写技能在自由回忆中与邻接大小存在相互作用,即低拼写技能与邻接大小的促进作用相关。在识别中,发现了阅读技能与邻接大小之间的关系,即阅读技能越高,邻接大小的抑制作用越大。这些结果提供了词汇技能对单词记忆表现的影响的新证据,并强调了正字法邻接大小在情节记忆任务中的作用。