J Acad Nutr Diet. 2018 Nov;118(11):2128-2134. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.05.016. Epub 2018 Sep 15.
Local food environments include food stores (eg, supermarkets, grocery stores, bakeries) and restaurants. However, the extent to which other storefront businesses offer food/drink is not well described, nor is the extent to which food/drink availability through a full range of storefront businesses might change over time.
This study aimed to assess food/drink availability from a full range of storefront businesses and the change over time and to consider implications for food-environment research.
Investigators compared direct observations from 2010 and 2015.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Included were all storefront businesses offering foods/drinks on 153 street segments in the Bronx, NY.
The main outcome was change between 2010 and 2015 as determined by matches between businesses. Matches could be strict (businesses with the same name on the same street segment in both years) or lenient (similar businesses on the same street segment in both years). Investigators categorized businesses as general grocers, specialty food stores, restaurants, or other storefront businesses (eg, barber shops/beauty salons, clothing outlets, hardware stores, laundromats, and newsstands).
Investigators quantified change, specifically calculating how often businesses in 2015 were present in 2010 and vice versa.
Strict matches for businesses in 2015 present in 2010 ranged from 29% to 52%, depending on business category; lenient matches ranged from 43% to 72%. Strict matches for businesses in 2010 present in 2015 ranged from 34% to 63%; lenient matches ranged from 72% to 83%. In 2015 compared with 2010, on 22% more of the sampled street segments, 30% more businesses were offering food/drink: 66 vs 46 general grocers, 22 vs 19 specialty food stores, 99 vs 99 restaurants, 98 vs 56 other storefront businesses.
Over 5 years, an urban food environment changed substantially, even by lenient standards, particularly among "other storefront businesses" and in the direction of markedly greater food availability (more businesses offering food on more streets). Failure to consider a full range of food/drink sources and change in food/drink sources could result in erroneous food-environment conclusions.
当地的食物环境包括食品商店（如超市、杂货店、面包店）和餐馆。然而，其他店面经营食品/饮料的程度并没有很好地描述，也没有描述通过各种店面经营食品/饮料的供应情况随时间的变化。
本研究旨在评估各种店面经营食品/饮料的供应情况以及随时间的变化，并考虑对食品环境研究的影响。
调查人员比较了 2010 年和 2015 年的直接观察结果。
参与者/设置：包括在纽约布朗克斯的 153 个街道段上提供食品/饮料的所有店面经营。
主要结果是通过企业之间的匹配来确定 2010 年至 2015 年之间的变化。匹配可以是严格的（在同一年的同一街道段上有相同名称的企业）或宽松的（在同一年的同一街道段上有类似的企业）。调查人员将企业分为杂货店、特色食品店、餐馆或其他店面经营（如理发店/美容院、服装店、五金店、自助洗衣店和报摊）。
调查人员量化了变化，特别是计算了 2015 年存在的企业在 2010 年出现的频率以及反之亦然。
严格匹配 2015 年存在的企业在 2010 年出现的情况，取决于企业类别，范围从 29%到 52%；宽松匹配范围从 43%到 72%。严格匹配 2010 年存在的企业在 2015 年出现的情况，范围从 34%到 63%；宽松匹配范围从 72%到 83%。与 2010 年相比，在 22%的抽样街道段上，提供食品/饮料的企业增加了 30%：杂货店增加了 66 家，特色食品店增加了 22 家，餐馆增加了 99 家，其他店面经营增加了 98 家，而不是 56 家。
在 5 年时间里，即使按照宽松的标准，城市食物环境也发生了重大变化，尤其是在“其他店面经营”方面，食物供应明显增加（提供食物的企业增加，提供食物的街道也增加）。如果不考虑各种食物/饮料来源和食物/饮料来源的变化，可能会得出错误的食物环境结论。
