Mikhail Micheal William, Hasan Ahmed Hussien
J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2016 Dec;46(3):557-562.
Since the 1950s, anticoagulant rodenticides are used to control rodents in public health and agriculture sectors. The extensive use of these compounds has acted as selective force to rodents, leading to resistance. Resistance mechanisms have been iden- tified in rats and mice, including the modification of the enzyme that activates vitamin K, vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR). Susceptibility levels of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus and the roof rat, Rattus rattus to coumatetralyl (first generation anticoagulant) and broamdiolone (second generation anticoagulant) by bioassay detection method under laboratory conditions were studied. Animals were trapped from Greater Cairo, Egypt in which the anticoagulant rodenticides were used to control rodents for long periods. Complete mortality was recorded for both species and sexes within the standard feeding periods (under no-choice feeding test for 6-days to coumatetralyl and 4-days to bromadiolone). Rat species under studied still susceptible to coumatetralyl and bromadiolone. The present work revealed a significant correlation between species in comparison with consumed dose and death time. R. rattus showed more active ingredient intake (mg/kg) than R. norvegicus. Death time (days), R. rattus recorded higher mean values than R. norvegicus, also females showed higher mean values compared to males.
自20世纪50年代以来，抗凝血灭鼠剂被用于公共卫生和农业领域控制啮齿动物。这些化合物的广泛使用对啮齿动物起到了选择压力，导致了抗药性。在大鼠和小鼠中已经鉴定出抗药机制，包括激活维生素K的酶——维生素K环氧化物还原酶（VKOR）的修饰。通过实验室条件下的生物测定检测方法，研究了褐家鼠（Rattus norvegicus）和黑家鼠（Rattus rattus）对杀鼠迷（第一代抗凝血剂）和溴敌隆（第二代抗凝血剂）的易感性水平。动物从埃及大开罗捕获，在那里长期使用抗凝血灭鼠剂来控制啮齿动物。在标准喂食期内（杀鼠迷无选择喂食试验6天，溴敌隆4天）记录了两个物种和性别的完全死亡率。所研究的大鼠物种对杀鼠迷和溴敌隆仍易感。目前的研究揭示了物种与消耗剂量和死亡时间之间的显著相关性。黑家鼠比褐家鼠摄入的活性成分（毫克/千克）更多。死亡时间（天），黑家鼠的平均值高于褐家鼠，雌性的平均值也高于雄性。
