College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Mar Drugs. 2018 Sep 18;16(9):341. doi: 10.3390/md16090341.
Jellyfish respond quickly to external stress that stimulates mucus secretion as a defense. Neither the composition of secreted mucus nor the process of secretion are well understood.
jellyfish were stimulated by removing them from environmental seawater. Secreted mucus and tissue samples were then collected within 60 min, and analyzed by a combination of proteomics and metabolomics using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), respectively.
Two phases of sample collection displayed a quick decrease in volume, followed by a gradual increase. A total of 2421 and 1208 proteins were identified in tissue homogenate and secreted mucus, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that the mucus-enriched proteins are mainly located in extracellular or membrane-associated regions, while the tissue-enriched proteins are distributed throughout intracellular compartments. Tryptamine, among 16 different metabolites, increased with the largest-fold change value of 7.8 in mucus, which is consistent with its involvement in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway 'tryptophan metabolism'. We identified 11 metalloproteinases, four serpins, three superoxide dismutases and three complements, and their presence was speculated to be related to self-protective defense.
Our results provide a composition profile of proteins and metabolites in stress-induced mucus and tissue homogenate of This provides insight for the ongoing endeavors to discover novel bioactive compounds. The large increase of tryptamine in mucus may indicate a strong stress response when jellyfish were taken out of seawater and the active self-protective components such as enzymes, serpins and complements potentially play a key role in innate immunity of jellyfish.
水母对外界刺激迅速做出反应，刺激黏液分泌作为防御。分泌的黏液的组成和分泌过程尚不清楚。
通过将水母从环境海水中取出来刺激它们。然后在 60 分钟内收集分泌的黏液和组织样本，并使用液相色谱串联质谱 (LC-MS/MS) 和超高效液相色谱/四极杆飞行时间质谱 (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) 分别进行蛋白质组学和代谢组学分析。
两个阶段的样本采集显示体积迅速减少，随后逐渐增加。在组织匀浆和分泌黏液中分别鉴定出 2421 和 1208 种蛋白质。基因本体论 (GO) 分析表明，富含黏液的蛋白质主要位于细胞外或膜相关区域，而富含组织的蛋白质分布在细胞内各个区室。色胺在 16 种不同代谢物中，其变化倍数最大，为 7.8，在黏液中含量增加，这与其参与京都基因与基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 途径“色氨酸代谢”一致。我们鉴定出 11 种金属蛋白酶、4 种丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、3 种超氧化物歧化酶和 3 种补体，它们的存在被推测与自我保护防御有关。
我们的结果提供了应激诱导的黏液和组织匀浆中蛋白质和代谢物的组成谱，这为发现新的生物活性化合物的持续努力提供了参考。在将水母从海水中取出时，黏液中色胺的大量增加可能表明强烈的应激反应，而酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂和补体等活性的自我保护成分可能在水母的先天免疫中发挥关键作用。
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