1 School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, P.R. China .
2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration , Jinan, P.R. China .
Stem Cells Dev. 2018 Dec 1;27(23):1634-1645. doi: 10.1089/scd.2018.0119. Epub 2018 Oct 23.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been considered promising tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the optimal cell source for bone regeneration remains controversial. To better identify seed cells for bone tissue engineering, we compared MSCs from seven different tissues, including four from dental origins, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), gingival MSCs (GMSCs), and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs); two from somatic origins, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs); and one from birth-associated perinatal tissue umbilical cord (UCMSCs). We cultured the cells under a standardized culture condition and studied their biological characteristics. According to our results, these cells exhibited similar immunophenotype and had potential for multilineage differentiation. MSCs from dental and perinatal tissues proliferated more rapidly than those from somatic origins. Simultaneously, DPSCs and PDLSCs owned stronger antiapoptotic ability under the microenvironment of oxidative stress combined with serum deprivation. In respect to osteogenic differentiation, the two somatic MSCs, BM-MSCs and ADSCs, demonstrated the strongest ability for osteogenesis compared to PDLSCs and DFSCs, which were just a little bit weaker than the formers. However, GMSCs and UCMSCs were the most pertinacious ones to differentiate to osteoblasts. We also revealed that the canonical intracellular protein kinase-based cascade signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and p38 MAPK, possessed different levels of activation in different MSCs after osteoblast induction. Our conclusions suggest that PDLSCs might be a good potential alternative to BM-MSCs for bone tissue engineering.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）被认为是组织工程和再生医学有前途的工具。然而，用于骨再生的最佳细胞来源仍存在争议。为了更好地鉴定用于骨组织工程的种子细胞，我们比较了来自 7 种不同组织的 MSC，包括 4 种来自牙源性的牙髓干细胞（DPSCs）、牙周膜干细胞（PDLSCs）、牙龈 MSC（GMSCs）和牙囊干细胞（DFSCs）；2 种来自体细胞源性的骨髓间充质干细胞（BM-MSCs）和脂肪源性干细胞（ADSCs）；和 1 种来自出生相关围产组织脐带（UCMSCs）。我们在标准化培养条件下培养细胞，并研究了它们的生物学特性。根据我们的结果，这些细胞表现出相似的免疫表型，并具有多能分化的潜力。牙源性和围产组织来源的 MSC 比体细胞源性 MSC 增殖更快。同时，DPSCs 和 PDLSCs 在氧化应激与血清剥夺相结合的微环境下具有更强的抗凋亡能力。在成骨分化方面，与 PDLSCs 和 DFSCs 相比，两种体细胞 MSC，BM-MSCs 和 ADSCs，表现出最强的成骨能力，而前两者稍弱。然而，GMSCs 和 UCMSCs 是最容易分化为成骨细胞的。我们还揭示了在成骨诱导后，不同 MSC 中的基于细胞内蛋白激酶的经典级联信号通路，包括 PI3K/AKT、MAPK/ERK 和 p38 MAPK，具有不同水平的激活。我们的结论表明，PDLSCs 可能是骨组织工程中替代 BM-MSCs 的良好潜在选择。
