Vítková Michaela, Müllerová Jana, Sádlo Jiří, Pergl Jan, Pyšek Petr
Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
For Ecol Manage. 2017 Jan 15;384:287-302. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.10.057.
, invaded many countries a long time ago and is now a common part of the Central European landscape. Positive economic but negative environmental impacts of result in conflicts of interest between nature conservation, forestry, urban landscaping, beekeepers and the public when defining management priorities. Because current legislation will determine the future distribution of in the landscape, a comprehensive view of this species is necessary. Although this species is well studied, most of the scientific papers deal with the economic aspects. Other information is published in local journals or reports. Therefore we reviewed the ecological and socio-economic impact of placing particular emphasis on the species' history, vegetation ecology, invasiveness and management. In Central Europe, is limited climatically by late spring frost combined with a short vegetation period, soil hypoxia, shade and frequent major disturbances. The long historical tradition of using for afforestation has resulted in its popularity as a widespread forest tree and it being an important part of the economy in some countries. The main reasons are its fast growth, valuable and resistant wood, suitability for amelioration, reclamation of disturbed sites and erosion control, honey-making and recently dendromass production. On the other hand, a side-effect of planting this nitrogen-fixing pioneer tree, very tolerant of the nature of the substrate, is its propagation and spread, which pose a problem for nature conservation. is considered invasive, threatening especially dry and semi-dry grasslands, some of the most species-rich and endangered types of habitat in the region, causing extinction of many endangered light-demanding plants and invertebrates due to changes in light regime, microclimate and soil conditions. Other often invaded habitats include open dry forests and shrubland, alluvial habitats, agrarian landscapes, urban and industrial environments and disturbed sites, e.g. post-fire sites, forest clearings or degraded forestry plantations. Without forestry, black locust abundance would decrease during succession in forests with highly competitive and shade tolerant trees and in mature forests it occurs only as admixture of climax trees. The limited pool of native woody species, lack of serious natural enemies and a dense cover of grasses and sedges can suppress forest succession and favour the development of monodominant stands over 70 years old. A stratified approach, which combines both tolerance in some areas and strict eradication at valuable sites, provides the best option for achieving a sustainable coexistence of with people and nature.
很久以前它就侵入了许多国家，如今已成为中欧景观的常见组成部分。其产生的积极经济影响但消极环境影响，在确定管理重点时导致了自然保护、林业、城市绿化、养蜂人和公众之间的利益冲突。由于现行立法将决定该物种在景观中的未来分布，因此有必要对其进行全面了解。尽管对该物种已有充分研究，但大多数科学论文关注的是经济方面。其他信息发表在当地期刊或报告中。因此，我们回顾了该物种的生态和社会经济影响，特别强调了其历史、植被生态学、入侵性和管理。在中欧，该物种受到晚春霜冻、植被期短、土壤缺氧、遮荫和频繁重大干扰的气候限制。长期以来使用该物种进行造林的传统，使其成为一种广泛种植的森林树木并在一些国家成为经济的重要组成部分。主要原因是其生长迅速、木材有价值且耐腐、适合改良、复垦受干扰场地和控制侵蚀、用于蜂蜜生产以及最近用于树木生物质生产。另一方面，种植这种对基质性质耐受性很强的固氮先锋树种的一个副作用是其繁殖和扩散，这给自然保护带来了问题。该物种被认为具有入侵性，尤其威胁干旱和半干旱草原，这些是该地区一些物种最丰富且濒危的栖息地类型，由于光照条件、小气候和土壤条件的变化，导致许多濒危的喜光植物和无脊椎动物灭绝。其他经常被入侵的栖息地包括开阔的干旱森林和灌木丛、冲积栖息地、农业景观、城市和工业环境以及受干扰场地，例如火灾后的场地、森林砍伐地或退化的人工林。如果没有林业活动，在具有高度竞争性和耐荫性树木的森林演替过程中刺槐数量会减少，在成熟森林中它仅作为顶级树木的混生种出现。本地木本物种库有限、缺乏严重的天敌以及茂密的禾本科和莎草科植物覆盖，会抑制森林演替，并有利于超过70年树龄的单优势刺槐林的发展。一种分层方法，即在某些区域采取容忍措施，在有价值的场地采取严格根除措施，是实现该物种与人类和自然可持续共存的最佳选择。
