Pang Xingchen, Li Hongjiao, Guan Feng, Li Xiang
School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
Front Oncol. 2018 Sep 6;8:364. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00364. eCollection 2018.
The three types of blood cells (red blood cells for carrying oxygen, white blood cells for immune protection, and platelets for wound clotting) arise from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the adult bone marrow, and function in physiological regulation and communication with local microenvironments to maintain systemic homeostasis. Hematological malignancies are relatively uncommon malignant disorders derived from the two major blood cell lineages: myeloid (leukemia) and lymphoid (lymphoma). Malignant clones lose their regulatory mechanisms, resulting in production of a large number of dysfunctional cells and destruction of normal hematopoiesis. Glycans are one of the four major types of essential biological macromolecules, along with nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Major glycan subgroups are N-glycans, O-glycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycosphingolipids. Aberrant expression of glycan structures, resulting from dysregulation of glycan-related genes, is associated with cancer development and progression in terms of cell signaling and communication, tumor cell dissociation and invasion, cell-matrix interactions, tumor angiogenesis, immune modulation, and metastasis formation. Aberrant glycan expression occurs in most hematological malignancies, notably acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and multiple myeloma, etc. Here, we review recent research advances regarding aberrant glycans, their related genes, and their roles in hematological malignancies. Our improved understanding of the mechanisms that underlie aberrant patterns of glycosylation will lead to development of novel, more effective therapeutic approaches targeted to hematological malignancies.
三种血细胞（负责运输氧气的红细胞、提供免疫保护的白细胞以及用于伤口凝血的血小板）源自成年骨髓中的造血干/祖细胞，并在生理调节以及与局部微环境的相互作用中发挥作用，以维持全身的稳态。血液系统恶性肿瘤是相对罕见的恶性疾病，源自两个主要的血细胞谱系：髓系（白血病）和淋巴系（淋巴瘤）。恶性克隆失去其调节机制，导致产生大量功能失调的细胞，并破坏正常的造血功能。聚糖是四种主要的必需生物大分子之一，与核酸、蛋白质和脂质并列。主要的聚糖亚群包括N -聚糖、O -聚糖、糖胺聚糖和糖鞘脂。由于聚糖相关基因失调导致的聚糖结构异常表达，在细胞信号传导与通讯、肿瘤细胞解离与侵袭、细胞与基质相互作用、肿瘤血管生成、免疫调节以及转移形成等方面，与癌症的发生和发展相关。异常的聚糖表达出现在大多数血液系统恶性肿瘤中，尤其是急性髓系白血病、骨髓增殖性肿瘤和多发性骨髓瘤等。在此，我们综述了关于异常聚糖、其相关基因以及它们在血液系统恶性肿瘤中的作用的最新研究进展。我们对糖基化异常模式背后机制的深入理解，将有助于开发针对血液系统恶性肿瘤的新型、更有效的治疗方法。
