Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand.
Ann Work Expo Health. 2018 Nov 12;62(9):1147-1158. doi: 10.1093/annweh/wxy081.
Vegetable farmers applying the herbicide alachlor may be highly exposed through dermal contact when spraying. Dermal patches were attached to 10 locations on the farmers' skin when they mixed and applied alachlor in vegetable farming areas in Thailand. Measurements were made on farmers using either a backpack sprayer with a 2 stroke gasoline motor and fan or a battery operated pump. Forty-seven vegetable farmers in Bungphra subdistrict of Thailand participated in this study. Both motorized and battery pump backpack sprayers wearing long-sleeve shirts had significantly lower alachlor concentrations on the dermal patches under their long-sleeve shirts compared to those who wore only short-sleeve shirts, regardless of the sprayer type. Moreover, sprayers wearing long pants had significantly lower alachlor concentrations on dermal patches placed under the pants on the lower legs than those wearing short pants, regardless of the sprayer type. The highest estimated alachlor exposures were found on the upper legs (median = 9.29 µg/h) for those using a 2 stroke engine/fan backpack sprayer and on the lower legs (2.87 µg/h) for those using the battery operated pump backpack sprayer. The estimated total body alachlor exposures of applicators using the 2 stroke engine/fan backpack sprayer (219.48 µg/h) were significantly higher than those using the battery operated pump backpack sprayer (15.50 µg/h). Using long-sleeve shirts as personal protection reduced alachlor exposures for the arms 97-99% and wearing long pants reduced alachlor exposure to the legs for 81-99%. Thus, training about the protection provided by clothing choices would be one step in improving the health and safety of Thai farmers.
在喷洒除草剂草甘膦时，菜农可能会通过皮肤接触而受到高度暴露。在泰国蔬菜种植区，当农民混合和应用草甘膦时，在他们的皮肤的 10 个位置贴上了皮肤贴片。在使用带有二冲程汽油发动机和风扇的背包喷雾器或电池驱动的泵的农民身上进行了测量。泰国邦普拉区的 47 名蔬菜农民参与了这项研究。无论是使用带二冲程汽油发动机/风扇的背包喷雾器还是电池驱动的背包喷雾器，穿长袖衬衫的喷雾器在其长袖衬衫下的皮肤贴片上的草甘膦浓度明显低于仅穿短袖衬衫的人，无论喷雾器类型如何。此外，穿长裤的喷雾器在其长裤下的腿部皮肤贴片上的草甘膦浓度明显低于穿短裤的喷雾器，无论喷雾器类型如何。使用二冲程发动机/风扇背包喷雾器的人腿部（中位数= 9.29 µg/h）和使用电池驱动的背包喷雾器的人腿部（2.87 µg/h）的估计草甘膦暴露量最高。使用二冲程发动机/风扇背包喷雾器的施药者的估计全身草甘膦暴露量（219.48 µg/h）明显高于使用电池驱动的背包喷雾器的施药者（15.50 µg/h）。使用长袖衬衫作为个人防护可将手臂的草甘膦暴露量减少 97-99%，穿长裤可将腿部的草甘膦暴露量减少 81-99%。因此，关于服装选择提供的保护的培训将是改善泰国农民健康和安全的一步。
