Baldi Isabelle, Lebailly Pierre, Jean Severine, Rougetet Laetitia, Dulaurent Sylvain, Marquet Pierre
Laboratoire Santé Travail Environnement, Institut de Santé Publique d'Epidémiologie et de Développement, IFR 99, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux, France.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2006 Mar;16(2):115-24. doi: 10.1038/sj.jea.7500443.
In order to build tools to quantify exposure to pesticides of farmers included into epidemiological studies, we performed a field study in Bordeaux vineyards during the 2001 and 2002 treatment seasons to identify parameters related to external contamination of workers. In total, 37 treatment days were observed in tractor operators corresponding to 65 mixing operations, 71 spraying operations and 26 equipment cleaning. In all, four operators with backpack sprayers and seven re-entry workers were also monitored. We performed both detailed observations of treatment characteristics on the whole day and pesticide measurements of external contamination (dermal and inhalation) for each operation. The median dermal contamination was 40.5 mg of active ingredient per day for tractor operators, 68.8 mg for backpack sprayers and 1.3 mg for vineyard workers. Most of the contamination was observed on the hands (49% and 56.2% for mixing and spraying, respectively). The median contribution of respiratory route in the total contamination was 1.1%. A cleaning operation resulted in a 4.20 mg dermal contamination intermediate between a mixing (2.85 mg) and a spraying operation (6.13 mg). Farm owners experienced higher levels than workers and lower contaminations were observed in larger farms. The contamination increased with the number of spraying phases and when equipment cleaning was performed. Types of equipment influenced significantly the daily contamination, whereas personal protective equipment only resulted in a limited decrease of contamination.
为了构建用于量化纳入流行病学研究的农民农药暴露量的工具，我们于2001年和2002年处理季节期间在波尔多葡萄园开展了一项实地研究，以确定与工人外部污染相关的参数。总共观察了拖拉机操作员的37个处理日，对应65次混合操作、71次喷洒操作和26次设备清洁。此外，还监测了4名背负式喷雾器操作员和7名重新进入葡萄园的工人。我们对全天的处理特征进行了详细观察，并对每次操作的外部污染（皮肤和吸入）进行了农药测量。拖拉机操作员的皮肤污染中位数为每天40.5毫克活性成分，背负式喷雾器操作员为68.8毫克，葡萄园工人为1.3毫克。大部分污染出现在手部（混合和喷洒操作中分别为49%和56.2%）。呼吸道途径在总污染中的中位数贡献为1.1%。一次清洁操作导致的皮肤污染为4.20毫克，介于混合操作（2.85毫克）和喷洒操作（6.13毫克）之间。农场主的污染水平高于工人，且在较大的农场中观察到的污染较低。污染随着喷洒阶段的数量增加以及进行设备清洁时而增加。设备类型对每日污染有显著影响，而个人防护设备仅使污染有有限程度的降低。
