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Is health care a luxury or necessity good? Evidence from Asian countries.

作者信息

Khan Muhammad Arshad, Ul Husnain Muhammad Iftikhar

机构信息

Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.

出版信息

Int J Health Econ Manag. 2019 Jun;19(2):213-233. doi: 10.1007/s10754-018-9253-0. Epub 2018 Sep 21.


DOI:10.1007/s10754-018-9253-0
PMID:30242582
Abstract

This study investigates long run relationship between health care expenditure and real income in fifteen selected Asian countries over the period 1995-2014 using the panel cointegration tests and controlling for cross-sectional dependence through unobserved common correlated factors (UCFs). The results show that health care expenditure and income are cointegrated. It is found that the income elasticity scales down when UCFs are controlled, which implies that ignoring UCFs produces biased and inconsistent estimates. The Mean Group and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group estimates reveal that long run income elasticity of health care is less than unity for the entire panel, indicating that health care is a necessity good in Asian countries. Within the sample, income elasticity for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation countries and Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries is also less than unity. However, many of the previous studies report income elasticity greater than unity. The difference between the results we found in our study compared to previous work could be attributed to the use of estimation methodology and the sample analyzed. Overall, health care has been found a necessity good in Asian countries in the long run.

摘要

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引用本文的文献

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[2]
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本文引用的文献

[1]
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Am Econ Rev. 2005-6

[2]
Health expenditure and growth dynamics in the SADC region: evidence from non-stationary panel data with cross section dependence and unobserved heterogeneity.

Int J Health Econ Manag. 2018-3

[3]
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Health Econ Rev. 2017-12

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Int J Health Econ Manag. 2016-3

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Is health care a luxury or a necessity or both? Evidence from Turkey.

Eur J Health Econ. 2011-7-28

[10]
Public financing of health in developing countries: a cross-national systematic analysis.

Lancet. 2010-4-8

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