Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont, 109 Carrigan Drive, 255 MLS Carrigan Wing, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Dec;7(4):214-226. doi: 10.1007/s13668-018-0244-z.
It is estimated that over 400 million people worldwide are living with diabetes. Excess adiposity is the strongest risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes, type 2. Lifestyle interventions have demonstrated that diet plays a critical role in preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes. Dietary fat is not only a source of energy and nutrients, but also bioactive fatty acids. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent prospective cohort studies and dietary interventions to determine if there are benefits to fat consumption on diabetes risk.
The consumption of fish and marine n-3 fatty acids among Asian populations and regular-fat dairy foods and trans-palmitoleic acid (trans-16, n-7) among Western populations may be associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes. Whereas some dietary fat may contribute to reduced diabetes risk, lifestyle recommendations to balance calories with physical activity are prudent at this time.
据估计,全球有超过 4 亿人患有糖尿病。超重是导致非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(2 型糖尿病)的最强危险因素。生活方式干预表明,饮食在预防 2 型糖尿病的发生中起着至关重要的作用。脂肪不仅是能量和营养物质的来源,也是生物活性脂肪酸。本综述的目的是检查来自最近的前瞻性队列研究和饮食干预的数据,以确定脂肪摄入对糖尿病风险是否有益。
亚洲人群摄入鱼类和海洋 n-3 脂肪酸,以及西方人群摄入普通脂肪乳制品和反式棕榈油酸(反式 16,n-7),可能与 2 型糖尿病风险降低有关。虽然某些膳食脂肪可能有助于降低糖尿病风险,但此时通过体力活动来平衡卡路里摄入的生活方式建议是谨慎的。