Mileti Francesca Poglia, Mellini Laura, Sulstarova Brikela, Villani Michela, Singy Pascal
a Department of Social Sciences , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland.
b Psychiatric Liaison Service , Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne-CHUV , Switzerland.
AIDS Care. 2019 Jan;31(1):113-116. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1526371. Epub 2018 Sep 22.
No study to date has focused on barriers to condom use specifically among young immigrants to Europe from sub-Saharan Africa. Based on a qualitative study in sociology, this paper explores generational differences in barriers to condom use between first-generation immigrants (born in Africa and arrived in Switzerland after age 10) and second-generation immigrants (born in Switzerland to two native parents or arrived in Switzerland before age 10). Results are based on in-depth, semistructured individual interviews conducted with 47 young women and men aged 18 to 25 to understand how individual, relational, and cultural dimensions influence sexual socialization and practices. Six main barriers to consistent condom use were identified: reduced pleasure perception, commitment and trust, family-transmitted sexual norms and parental control, lack of accurate knowledge on HIV transmission, lack of awareness about HIV in Switzerland, and gender inequalities. The three first barriers concerned both generations of immigrants, whereas the three last revealed generational differences. These findings can help sexual health providers identify social causes for young sub-Saharan immigrants not using condoms. The findings also highlight the necessity of offering accurate, accessible, and adapted information to all young immigrants, as well as the particular importance of addressing families' lack of discussions about sex, understanding the sexual norms transmitted by parents, and taking into consideration cultural differences among young people born in immigration countries.
迄今为止，尚无研究专门聚焦于撒哈拉以南非洲地区的年轻移民在使用避孕套方面所面临的障碍。基于一项社会学定性研究，本文探讨了第一代移民（出生于非洲，10岁后抵达瑞士）和第二代移民（父母双方均为瑞士本地人且出生于瑞士，或10岁前抵达瑞士）在使用避孕套障碍方面的代际差异。研究结果基于对47名年龄在18至25岁之间的年轻男女进行的深入、半结构化个人访谈，以了解个人、关系和文化层面如何影响性社会化及性行为。研究确定了持续使用避孕套的六个主要障碍：愉悦感认知降低、承诺与信任、家庭传承的性规范及父母控制、对艾滋病毒传播缺乏准确认识、对瑞士艾滋病毒情况缺乏了解以及性别不平等。前三个障碍涉及两代移民，而后三个则显示出代际差异。这些研究结果有助于性健康服务提供者找出撒哈拉以南年轻移民不使用避孕套的社会原因。研究结果还凸显了向所有年轻移民提供准确、易获取且合适信息的必要性，以及解决家庭缺乏性话题讨论、理解父母传承的性规范以及考虑移民国家出生的年轻人之间文化差异的特殊重要性。
