Villani Michela
School of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO), Fribourg, Switzerland.
Front Sociol. 2023 Jun 2;8:1187981. doi: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1187981. eCollection 2023.
"Female genital mutilation/cutting" (FGM/C) refers to procedures that involve altering the external female genitalia with the aim of reinforcing gendered body norms. The literature has consistently shown that, like various forms of discrimination, the practice is rooted in systems of gender inequality. As a result, FGM/C has increasingly come to be understood in terms of social norms that are by no means fixed. And yet, in the Global North, interventions remain primarily medical in nature, with clitoral reconstruction having emerged as a common means of dealing with related sexual issues. And although treatments can vary greatly depending on the hospitals and physicians involved, sexuality tends to be considered from a gynecological perspective, even when multidisciplinary care is offered. By contrast, gender norms and other socio-cultural factors receive little attention. In addition to highlighting three critical shortcomings in current responses to FGM/C, this literature review also describes how social work can play a key role in overcoming the associated barriers by (1) adopting a holistic approach to sex education, one capable of addressing those aspects of sexuality that lie beyond the scope of a medical consultation; (2) supporting family-based discussions on matters of sexuality; and (3) promoting gender equality, especially among younger generations.
“女性生殖器切割”（FGM/C）指的是旨在强化性别化身体规范而对外阴进行改变的手术。文献一直表明，与各种形式的歧视一样，这种做法植根于性别不平等制度。因此，FGM/C越来越被理解为绝非固定不变的社会规范。然而，在全球北方地区，干预措施主要仍是医疗性质的，阴蒂重建已成为处理相关性问题的常见手段。尽管治疗方法因所涉及的医院和医生而异，但即使提供多学科护理，性倾向仍往往从妇科角度来考虑。相比之下，性别规范和其他社会文化因素很少受到关注。除了强调当前对FGM/C应对措施中的三个关键缺陷外，这篇文献综述还描述了社会工作如何通过以下方式在克服相关障碍方面发挥关键作用：（1）采取整体的性教育方法，能够解决超出医疗咨询范围的性方面问题；（2）支持基于家庭的性问题讨论；（3）促进性别平等，尤其是在年轻一代中。
