Beaufrère Hugues, Reavill Drury, Heatley Jill, Susta Leonardo
1 Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
2 Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Vet Pathol. 2019 Mar;56(2):282-288. doi: 10.1177/0300985818800025. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
The Quaker parrot has been used as a psittacine model to study clinical lipidology and lipid-related disorders. However, while Quaker parrots appear to be anecdotally susceptible to a variety of spontaneous dyslipidemic disorders and lesions caused by excess lipid accumulation, epidemiologic data are lacking. A multicenter retrospective study on 652 pathology submissions (411 necropsies and 243 biopsies) from Quaker parrots was performed by recording the final pathological diagnoses, age, and sex for each bird. The prevalence of lesions associated with lipid metabolism, such as hepatic lipidosis, atherosclerosis, xanthomas, adipose tumors, coelomic steatitis/steatonecrosis, endogenous lipid pneumonia, and acute pancreatic necrosis/pancreatitis, was reported. Multiple logistic regression models were used to characterize the effects of sex and age on these lesions, and the prevalence of hepatic lipidosis and atherosclerosis was compared to those in a random sample of control psittacine birds. The raw prevalence of atherosclerosis and hepatic lipidosis was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4%-7.8%) and 21.2% (95% CI, 17.2%-25.1%), respectively. While the prevalence of atherosclerosis was similar to other psittacine species, hepatic lipidosis was more common in Quaker parrots. Quaker parrots also showed a unique susceptibility to acute pancreatic necrosis with a prevalence of 12.9% (95% CI, 9.7%-16.1%). Male parrots were found to be more susceptible than females to lipid accumulation lesions ( P = .0024), including atherosclerosis ( P = .018) and hepatic lipidosis ( P < .001). This retrospective study confirms the high susceptibility of Quaker parrots to lipid-related disorders and presents epidemiological data that may be useful to avian clinicians, pathologists, and researchers using Quaker parrots.
和尚鹦鹉已被用作鹦鹉模型来研究临床脂质学和脂质相关疾病。然而，虽然从轶事角度来看，和尚鹦鹉似乎易患各种自发性血脂异常疾病以及由脂质过度积累引起的病变，但缺乏流行病学数据。通过记录每只鸟的最终病理诊断、年龄和性别，对来自和尚鹦鹉的652份病理样本（411份尸检和243份活检）进行了一项多中心回顾性研究。报告了与脂质代谢相关病变的患病率，如肝脂肪变性、动脉粥样硬化、黄瘤、脂肪肿瘤、体腔脂肪炎/脂肪坏死、内源性脂质肺炎以及急性胰腺坏死/胰腺炎。使用多个逻辑回归模型来描述性别和年龄对这些病变的影响，并将肝脂肪变性和动脉粥样硬化的患病率与对照鹦鹉随机样本中的患病率进行比较。动脉粥样硬化和肝脂肪变性的原始患病率分别为5.6%（95%置信区间[CI]，3.4%-7.8%）和21.2%（95%CI，17.2%-25.1%）。虽然动脉粥样硬化的患病率与其他鹦鹉物种相似，但肝脂肪变性在和尚鹦鹉中更为常见。和尚鹦鹉还对急性胰腺坏死表现出独特的易感性，患病率为12.9%（95%CI，9.7%-16.1%）。发现雄性鹦鹉比雌性鹦鹉更容易出现脂质积累病变（P = .0024），包括动脉粥样硬化（P = .018）和肝脂肪变性（P < .001）。这项回顾性研究证实了和尚鹦鹉对脂质相关疾病的高度易感性，并提供了可能对鸟类临床医生、病理学家以及使用和尚鹦鹉的研究人员有用的流行病学数据。
