Beaufrère Hugues, Stark Ken D, Wood R Darren
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Vet Clin Pathol. 2022 Sep;51(3):376-384. doi: 10.1111/vcp.13108. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
Lipid disorders are common in captive psittacine birds, but associated changes in blood lipids and lipoproteins have not been well characterized. The Quaker parrot is prone to dyslipidemia and has been extensively used as an experimental model.
We aimed to study the effects of a 0.3% cholesterol diet and a 20% fat diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in Quaker parrots.
Two crossover studies were performed with each diet. During each study, 12 parrots were divided into two groups fed the treatment or control diet for 2 weeks. After a 2-month wash-out period, the groups were reversed. At the end of each period, plasma lipidomics and lipoprotein profiling were performed. Data were analyzed by univariate tests adjusted for false discovery rates, volcano plots, and enrichment analyses.
The cholesterol diet induced changes in many plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Total cholesterol and cholesteryl esters were significantly and markedly elevated. Ceramides were the second subclass of lipids that were elevated. Several glycerophosphocholines, sphingomyelins, and one diacylglycerol were also significantly elevated, albeit to a lesser magnitude. All lipoproteins were elevated, with the greatest increase seen in non-HDL. The fat diet mainly resulted in a decrease in plasma glycerolipids and an increase in acylcarnitines. Lipoprotein plasma levels remained unchanged.
Quaker parrots fed a 0.3% cholesterol diet showed profound and complex dyslipidemic changes that could be used to further study lipid disorders and their management in psittacine birds. A 20% fat diet higher in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids did not lead to dyslipidemia.
脂质紊乱在圈养鹦鹉中很常见，但血液脂质和脂蛋白的相关变化尚未得到充分表征。和尚鹦鹉易患血脂异常，并已被广泛用作实验模型。
我们旨在研究0.3%胆固醇饮食和20%脂肪饮食对和尚鹦鹉血浆脂质和脂蛋白的影响。
对每种饮食进行了两项交叉研究。在每项研究中，12只鹦鹉被分为两组，分别喂食治疗饮食或对照饮食2周。经过2个月的洗脱期后，两组进行了互换。在每个阶段结束时，进行血浆脂质组学和脂蛋白分析。数据通过针对错误发现率进行调整的单变量检验、火山图和富集分析进行分析。
胆固醇饮食导致许多血浆脂质和脂蛋白发生变化。总胆固醇和胆固醇酯显著且明显升高。神经酰胺是升高的第二类脂质。几种甘油磷酸胆碱、鞘磷脂和一种二酰甘油也显著升高，尽管升高幅度较小。所有脂蛋白均升高，其中非高密度脂蛋白升高最为明显。脂肪饮食主要导致血浆甘油脂质减少和酰基肉碱增加。脂蛋白血浆水平保持不变。
喂食0.3%胆固醇饮食的和尚鹦鹉表现出深刻而复杂的血脂异常变化，可用于进一步研究鹦鹉的脂质紊乱及其管理。富含n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的20%脂肪饮食不会导致血脂异常。
