Kvedariene V, Sitkauskiene B, Tamasauskiene L, Rudzeviciene O, Kasiulevicius V, Nekrosyte G, Gomes E R, Demoly P
Clinic of Infectious, Chest diseases, Dermatology and Allergology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, M.K. Ciurlionio Street 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Department of Immunology and Allergology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu Street 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2019 Jan-Feb;47(1):32-37. doi: 10.1016/j.aller.2018.05.006. Epub 2018 Sep 20.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are the adverse effects of drugs that, when taken at doses generally tolerated by normal subjects, clinically resemble allergy. We aimed to assess the prevalence of self-reported DHRs among Lithuanian children and adults and to identify possible risk factors.
A cross-sectional survey of a population visiting their general practitioners in Vilnius and Kaunas regions of Lithuania was performed. Thirty-five questions on drug allergy symptoms, in addition, food, pollen allergy and family history were included.
3222 (60.0%) children and 2148 (40.0%) adults were included in the study. 7.9% of children and 13.8% of adults reported a DHR for at least one drug (p<0.001). 69.8% of children and 47.3% of adults, who indicated DHRs, had skin symptoms. Rate of anaphylaxis was similar in both groups (about 10%). 4.5% of children and 7.3% of adults had DHRs induced by antibiotics and this was the most implicated group of drugs. Significant self-reported risk factors for DHRs were family history of DHRs (OR=6.007, 95%CI 4.756-7.587), pollen allergy (OR=2.0, 95%CI 1.573-2.544), food allergy (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.505-2.448), female gender (OR=1.439, 95%CI 1.187-1.744) and age (OR=1.017 in favour of adults, 95%CI 1.013-1.021).
The prevalence of self-reported DHRs in Lithuania is higher among adults than children. Drug-induced skin reactions were the predominant symptom in both groups. Besides female gender and age, a positive family history of DHR and presence of pollen or food allergy may be associated with DHR.
药物超敏反应（DHRs）是指在正常受试者一般耐受剂量下服用药物时出现的不良反应，临床表现类似过敏反应。我们旨在评估立陶宛儿童和成人中自我报告的药物超敏反应的患病率，并确定可能的风险因素。
对立陶宛维尔纽斯和考纳斯地区拜访全科医生的人群进行了横断面调查。除了关于食物、花粉过敏和家族史的问题外，还设置了35个关于药物过敏症状的问题。
本研究纳入了3222名（60.0%）儿童和2148名（40.0%）成人。7.9%的儿童和13.8%的成人报告至少对一种药物有药物超敏反应（p<0.001）。报告有药物超敏反应的儿童中69.8%以及成人中47.3%有皮肤症状。两组的过敏反应发生率相似（约10%）。4.5%的儿童和7.3%的成人有抗生素引起的药物超敏反应，这是最常涉及的药物类别。自我报告的药物超敏反应的显著风险因素包括药物超敏反应家族史（OR=6.007，95%CI 4.756-7.587）、花粉过敏（OR=2.0，95%CI 1.573-2.544）、食物过敏（OR=1.92，95%CI 1.505-2.448）、女性（OR=1.439，95%CI 1.187-1.744）和年龄（成人的OR=1.017，95%CI 1.013-1.021）。
立陶宛自我报告的药物超敏反应患病率在成人中高于儿童。药物引起的皮肤反应是两组中的主要症状。除了女性和年龄外，药物超敏反应的阳性家族史以及花粉或食物过敏的存在可能与药物超敏反应有关。
