Cukrov Dubravka
Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2018 Sep 21;7(4):78. doi: 10.3390/plants7040078.
Oxygen has shaped life on Earth as we know it today. Molecular oxygen is essential for normal cellular function, i.e., plants need oxygen to maintain cellular respiration and for a wide variety of biochemical reactions. When oxygen levels in the cell are lower than levels needed for respiration, then the cell experiences hypoxia. Plants are known to experience root hypoxia during natural environmental conditions like flooding. Fruit, on the other hand, is known to be hypoxic under normal oxygen conditions. This observation could be explained (at least partially) as a consequence of diffusional barriers, low tissue diffusivity, and high oxygen consumption by respiration. From the physiological point of view, hypoxia is known to have a profound impact on fruit development, since it is well documented that a low oxygen environment can significantly delay ripening and senescence of some fruit. This effect of a low-oxygen environment is readily used for optimizing storage conditions and transport, and for prolonging the shelf life of several fruit commodities. Therefore, further understanding of the complex relationship between oxygen availability within the cell and fruit development could assist postharvest management.
氧气塑造了我们如今所知的地球上的生命。分子氧对于正常的细胞功能至关重要，也就是说，植物需要氧气来维持细胞呼吸以及进行各种各样的生化反应。当细胞内的氧气水平低于呼吸所需水平时，细胞就会经历缺氧状态。众所周知，在诸如洪水等自然环境条件下，植物会经历根部缺氧。另一方面，已知在正常氧气条件下果实处于缺氧状态。这一观察结果（至少部分地）可以解释为扩散障碍、低组织扩散率以及呼吸作用对氧气的高消耗所导致的结果。从生理学角度来看，缺氧对果实发育有着深远影响，因为有充分的文献记载，低氧环境会显著延迟某些果实的成熟和衰老。低氧环境的这种作用很容易被用于优化储存条件和运输，并延长几种水果商品的货架期。因此，进一步了解细胞内氧气供应与果实发育之间的复杂关系有助于采后管理。
