a AIDS Clinical Center , National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
b Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA.
Gut Microbes. 2019;10(1):100-104. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1479626. Epub 2018 Sep 25.
Amebiasis, caused by intestinal infection with Entamoeba histolytica, is one of the leading causes of parasite infection-related mortality and morbidity globally. Although its pathogenesis, including determinant factors of infection outcome, remains unclear, recent clinical data indicate that the gut microbiome plays a role in determining the severity of amebiasis. Recently, we investigated the effects of the gut microbiome on neutrophil mediated protection from E. histolytica infection using a mouse model. We identified that surface expression of CXCR2 on neutrophils was diminished in mice with dysbiosis, which resulted in decreased neutrophil recruitment to the infection site, allowing more aggressive intestinal tissue damage by E. histolytica. Our results indicated that oxidase activity during E. histolytica infection was also diminished after dysbiosis, consistent with the results from prior research. Thus, the gut microbiome plays an important role in regulating neutrophil phenotype when fighting against external pathogens.
阿米巴病是由肠道感染溶组织内阿米巴原虫引起的，是全球寄生虫感染相关死亡率和发病率的主要原因之一。尽管其发病机制（包括感染结果的决定因素）仍不清楚，但最近的临床数据表明，肠道微生物组在确定阿米巴病的严重程度方面发挥作用。最近，我们使用小鼠模型研究了肠道微生物组对中性粒细胞介导的抗溶组织内阿米巴原虫感染的保护作用。我们发现，肠道菌群失调的小鼠中性粒细胞表面 CXCR2 的表达减少，导致中性粒细胞向感染部位的募集减少，从而使溶组织内阿米巴原虫更容易引起肠道组织损伤。我们的结果表明，肠道菌群失调后，氧化酶活性在溶组织内阿米巴原虫感染期间也减少，这与先前的研究结果一致。因此，当对抗外源性病原体时，肠道微生物组在调节中性粒细胞表型方面起着重要作用。
