Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
J Nutr Biochem. 2018 Nov;61:183-196. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.05.018. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
An obesogenic environment during pregnancy has been shown to increase the risk of dysregulation on adipogenesis and insulin resistance in the offspring. Being essential for the growing fetus, glucose supply is guaranteed by a number of modifications in the mother's metabolism, and thus, glucose control during pregnancy especially among obese or diabetic women is paramount to prevent adverse consequences in their children. Besides the election of low-glycemic-index carbohydrates, the rate of carbohydrate digestion could be relevant to keep a good glucose control. In the present study, we compared the effects of two high-fat diets with similar glycemic load but different rates of carbohydrate digestion given to pregnant insulin-resistant rats. After birth, all animals were fed a standard diet until age 14 weeks. We analyzed offspring body composition, plasma and adipocyte lipidomics, lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and insulin sensitivity. Those animals whose mothers were fed the rapid-digesting carbohydrate diet exhibited an excessive adipogenesis. Thus, these animals showed a marked lipidemia, increased lipid synthesis in the adipose tissue and reduced glucose transporter amount in the adipose. On the contrary, those animals whose mothers were fed the slow-digesting carbohydrate diet showed a profile in the measured parameters closer to that of the offspring of healthy mothers. These results support the hypothesis that not only glycemic index but the rate of carbohydrate digestion during gestation may be critical to regulate the programming of adipogenesis in the offspring.
在怀孕期间，肥胖环境已被证明会增加后代脂肪生成和胰岛素抵抗失调的风险。葡萄糖供应对于生长中的胎儿至关重要，母亲的新陈代谢会发生多种变化来保证葡萄糖供应，因此，尤其是肥胖或糖尿病女性在怀孕期间控制血糖对于预防其子女的不良后果至关重要。除了选择低血糖指数的碳水化合物外，碳水化合物的消化速度也可能与保持良好的血糖控制有关。在本研究中，我们比较了两种高脂肪饮食对胰岛素抵抗的怀孕大鼠的影响，这两种饮食具有相似的血糖负荷但碳水化合物消化速度不同。出生后，所有动物均喂食标准饮食直至 14 周龄。我们分析了后代的身体成分、血浆和脂肪细胞脂质组学、脂肪组织中的脂质代谢和胰岛素敏感性。那些母亲喂食快速消化碳水化合物饮食的动物表现出过度的脂肪生成。因此，这些动物表现出明显的血脂升高、脂肪组织中脂质合成增加和脂肪组织中葡萄糖转运蛋白数量减少。相反，那些母亲喂食缓慢消化碳水化合物饮食的动物在测量参数上的表现更接近健康母亲后代的表现。这些结果支持了这样一种假设，即在怀孕期间不仅血糖指数，而且碳水化合物的消化速度可能对调节后代脂肪生成的编程至关重要。
