Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
PLoS One. 2024 May 30;19(5):e0302208. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302208. eCollection 2024.
Red and processed meat is considered risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the evidence is inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association between red and processed meat intake and odds of GDM among South Asian and White European women living in Canada.
This is a cross-sectional analysis of pregnant women from two birth cohorts: SouTh Asian biRth cohorT (START; n = 976) and Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life (FAMILY; n = 581). Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 169-item semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between gestational diabetes and: 1) total red and processed meat; 2) unprocessed red meat; 3) processed meat and GDM after adjustment for potential confounders.
There were 241 GDM cases in START and 91 in FAMILY. The median total red and processed meat intake were 1.5 g/d (START) and 52.8 g/d (FAMILY). In START, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) showed neither lower nor higher intakes of unprocessed red meat (p-trend = 0.68), processed meat (p-trend = 0.90), or total red and processed meat (p-trend = 0.44), were associated with increased odds of GDM, when compared with medium intake. Similar results were observed in FAMILY except for processed meat intake [OR = 0.94 (95% CI 0.47-1.91), for medium versus low and OR = 1.51 (95% CI 0.77-2.29) for medium versus high; p-trend = 0.18] after adjusting for additional dietary factors such as the diet quality score, total fiber, saturated fat and glycemic load.
Medium compared with low or high red and processed meat intake is not associated with GDM in White Europeans and South Asians living in Canada.
红色和加工肉类被认为是妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的危险因素，但证据尚无定论。我们旨在研究南亚和白种欧洲女性在加拿大的红色和加工肉类摄入量与 GDM 之间的关联。
这是对两个出生队列的孕妇进行的横断面分析：南亚出生队列（START；n=976）和家族动脉粥样硬化监测早期生活（FAMILY；n=581）。使用经过验证的 169 项半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食摄入量。多变量逻辑回归模型用于研究妊娠期糖尿病与以下因素之间的关联：1）总红色和加工肉类；2）未加工的红色肉类；3）加工肉类与 GDM，调整潜在混杂因素后。
在 START 中有 241 例 GDM 病例，在 FAMILY 中有 91 例。总红色和加工肉类的中位数摄入量分别为 1.5 克/天（START）和 52.8 克/天（FAMILY）。在 START 中，多变量调整后的比值比（OR）显示，未加工的红色肉类（p 趋势=0.68）、加工肉类（p 趋势=0.90）或总红色和加工肉类（p 趋势=0.44）的摄入量较低或较高，与 GDM 的几率增加无关，与中等摄入量相比。在 FAMILY 中观察到了类似的结果，除了加工肉类的摄入量[OR=0.94（95%CI 0.47-1.91），中与低；OR=1.51（95%CI 0.77-2.29），中与高；p 趋势=0.18]，调整了其他饮食因素，如饮食质量评分、总纤维、饱和脂肪和血糖负荷。
与低或高红色和加工肉类摄入相比，中等摄入量与加拿大的白种欧洲人和南亚人患 GDM 无关。
