Manzano Manuel, Giron Maria D, Salto Rafael, Vilchez Jose D, Reche-Perez Francisco J, Cabrera Elena, Linares-Pérez Azahara, Plaza-Díaz Julio, Ruiz-Ojeda Francisco Javier, Gil Angel, Rueda Ricardo, López-Pedrosa Jose M
Abbott Nutrition R&D, Granada, Spain.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 29;9:809865. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.809865. eCollection 2022.
Childhood obesity prevention is important to avoid obesity and its comorbidities into adulthood. Although the energy density of food has been considered a main obesogenic factor, a focus on food quality rather that the quantity of the different macronutrients is needed. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of changing the quality of carbohydrates from rapidly to slowly digestible carbohydrates on metabolic abnormalities and its impact on obesity in growing rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Growing rats were fed on HFD containing carbohydrates with different digestion rates: a HFD containing rapid-digesting carbohydrates (OBE group) or slow-digesting carbohydrates (ISR group), for 4 weeks and the effect on the metabolism and signaling pathways were analyzed in different tissues. Animals from OBE group presented an overweight/obese phenotype with a higher body weight gain and greater accumulation of fat in adipose tissue and liver. This state was associated with an increase of HOMA index, serum diacylglycerols and triacylglycerides, insulin, leptin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, the change of carbohydrate profile in the diet to one based on slow digestible prevented the obesity-related adverse effects. In adipose tissue, GLUT4 was increased and UCPs and PPARγ were decreased in ISR group respect to OBE group. In liver, GLUT2, FAS, and SRBP1 were lower in ISR group than OBE group. In muscle, an increase of glycogen, GLUT4, AMPK, and Akt were observed in comparison to OBE group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the replacement of rapidly digestible carbohydrates for slowly digestible carbohydrates within a high-fat diet promoted a protective effect against the development of obesity and its associated comorbidities.
预防儿童肥胖对于避免肥胖及其成年后的合并症很重要。尽管食物的能量密度被认为是主要的致肥胖因素，但需要关注食物质量而非不同宏量营养素的数量。因此，本研究调查了将碳水化合物质量从快速消化型转变为缓慢消化型对代谢异常的影响及其对高脂饮食（HFD）喂养的生长大鼠肥胖的影响。给生长中的大鼠喂食含有不同消化速率碳水化合物的高脂饮食：含有快速消化碳水化合物的高脂饮食（OBE组）或缓慢消化碳水化合物的高脂饮食（ISR组），持续4周，并分析不同组织中对代谢和信号通路的影响。OBE组的动物表现出超重/肥胖表型，体重增加更高，脂肪在脂肪组织和肝脏中的积累更多。这种状态与HOMA指数、血清二酰甘油和三酰甘油、胰岛素、瘦素和促炎细胞因子的增加有关。相比之下，将饮食中的碳水化合物谱改变为基于缓慢消化的碳水化合物可预防与肥胖相关的不良影响。在脂肪组织中，与OBE组相比，ISR组的GLUT4增加，UCPs和PPARγ减少。在肝脏中，ISR组的GLUT2、FAS和SRBP1低于OBE组。在肌肉中，与OBE组相比，观察到糖原、GLUT4、AMPK和Akt增加。总之，本研究表明，在高脂饮食中用缓慢消化的碳水化合物替代快速消化的碳水化合物对肥胖及其相关合并症的发展具有保护作用。
