Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy.
Biogerontology. 2019 Feb;20(1):17-31. doi: 10.1007/s10522-018-9770-8. Epub 2018 Sep 25.
Biogerontological research indicates nutrition as one of the major determinants of healthy aging, due to the role of nutrients in maintaining the dynamic-homeostasis of the organism. In this frame, the importance of proteins and constitutive amino acids (AAs), and in particular of functional AAs is emerging. The ability to sense and respond to changes in AAs availability is mediated by a complex network of dynamic players, crucial for an efficient regulation of their downstream effects. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge about the involvement of AA sensing mechanisms in aging and age-related diseases, focusing our attention on mTORC1 and AA transporters. In this context it is of note that alterations in AA sensors have been reported to be directly implicated in age-related phenotypes, suggesting that their modulation can represent a possible strategy for modulating (and possibly delaying) aging decline. Furthermore, these alterations may influence the effects of AA supplementation, by influencing the individual answer to AA availability. On the whole, evidences support the hypothesis that the efficiency of components of AA sensing network may have important implications for therapy, and their knowledge may be crucial for programming AA supplementation for contrasting age-related phenotypes, opening new opportunities for therapeutic interventions aimed to promote human health span.
生物老年学研究表明，营养是健康衰老的主要决定因素之一，这是因为营养素在维持机体动态平衡方面发挥着作用。在这种情况下，蛋白质和组成氨基酸（AAs）的重要性，特别是功能性 AAs 的重要性正在显现。感知和响应氨基酸可用性变化的能力是由一个复杂的动态参与者网络介导的，对于有效调节其下游效应至关重要。在这里，我们综述了关于 AA 感应机制在衰老和与年龄相关的疾病中的作用的最新知识，重点关注 mTORC1 和 AA 转运体。在这方面值得注意的是，已经报道氨基酸传感器的改变直接参与与年龄相关的表型，这表明它们的调节可能代表一种调节（并可能延迟）衰老下降的可能策略。此外，这些改变可能通过影响个体对 AA 可用性的反应，影响 AA 补充的效果。总的来说，有证据支持这样一种假设，即 AA 感应网络的组成部分的效率可能对治疗有重要影响，了解它们可能对编程 AA 补充以对抗与年龄相关的表型至关重要，为旨在促进人类健康寿命的治疗干预开辟了新的机会。
