Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2019 Sep;31(38):e1801441. doi: 10.1002/adma.201801441. Epub 2018 Sep 5.
Colloidal nanoparticle assemblies are widely designed and fabricated via various building blocks to enhance their intrinsic properties and potential applications. Self-assembled hollow superstructures have been a focal point in nanotechnology for several decades and are likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. The novel properties of self-assembled hollow superstructures stem from their effective spatial utilization. As such, a comprehensive appreciation of the interactive forces at play among individual building blocks is a prerequisite for designing and managing the self-assembly process, toward the fabrication of optimal hollow nanoproducts. Herein, the emerging approaches to the fabrication of self-assembled hollow superstructures, including hard-templated, soft-templated, self-templated, and template-free methods, are classified and discussed. The corresponding reinforcement mechanisms, such as strong ligand interaction strategies and extra-capping strategies, are discussed in detail. Finally, possible future directions for the construction of multifunctional hollow superstructures with highly efficient catalytic reaction systems and an integration platform for bioapplications are discussed.
胶体纳米粒子组装体通过各种构建块广泛设计和制造，以增强其固有特性和潜在应用。自组装中空超结构几十年来一直是纳米技术的焦点，在可预见的未来很可能仍然如此。自组装中空超结构的新颖特性源于其有效的空间利用。因此，全面了解单个构建块之间相互作用的力是设计和管理自组装过程、制造最佳中空纳米产品的前提。本文将分类讨论包括硬模板、软模板、自模板和无模板方法在内的自组装中空超结构的新兴制造方法，并详细讨论相应的增强机制，如强配体相互作用策略和额外封端策略。最后，讨论了构建具有高效催化反应体系和生物应用集成平台的多功能中空超结构的可能未来方向。
