Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine-Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Department of Nutrition Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Sep 25;15(10):2104. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15102104.
The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of self-rated health (SRH) perception in Spanish adults. This cross-sectional study including data from 11,342 participants from the Spanish PLENUFAR VI study. SRH status was grouped in two categories ('good'/'poor') and the associations of socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, diet adequacy and chronic disease with SRH were assessed. After adjusting for relevant confounders, the risk ratios (RR) and (95% confidence intervals) for poor SRH were 1.05 (1.03⁻1.07) for each hour of increment of sitting, 1.56 (1.30⁻1.88) for short (≥5 h vs. 7⁻8 h) sleep duration, 0.63 (0.55⁻0.72) for vigorous (vs. light) physical activity, 0.61 (0.50⁻0.74) for adequate (vs. non-adequate) diet. Activities like jogging [RR for each unit of increment in the METs-h/day = 0.87 (0.82⁻0.92)], gymnastics [0.87 (0.81⁻0.93)], biking [0.91 (0.85⁻0.98)], and track and field [0.94 (0.89⁻0.98)], were associated with better health perception. Normally weight participants with any chronic disease had lower probability to report poor SRH than overweight/obese participants with any chronic disease. Frequent consumption of bread (>2 servings/day) was associated with a lower adjusted mean of health perception scale, while higher consumption of vegetables and fruit or fish were associated with higher values, concerning good SRH. We can conclude that normal-weight participants even suffering a chronic disease had lower probability to report poor health perception than participants with overweight/obesity and a chronic disease especially for hypertension and diabetes. Activities like jogging, gymnastics, biking, and track and field, and a higher consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish, were associated with better health rated perception.
本研究旨在探讨西班牙成年人自评健康（SRH）感知的决定因素。这是一项横断面研究，纳入了西班牙 PLENUFAR VI 研究的 11342 名参与者的数据。SRH 状况分为两类（“良好”/“不佳”），并评估了社会人口特征、生活方式、饮食充足度和慢性疾病与 SRH 的关联。在调整相关混杂因素后，每增加 1 小时坐姿时间，SRH 不佳的风险比（RR）和（95%置信区间）为 1.05（1.03-1.07）；睡眠时间较短（≥5 小时与 7-8 小时），RR 为 1.56（1.30-1.88）；剧烈（与轻度）体力活动，RR 为 0.63（0.55-0.72）；饮食充足（与不足），RR 为 0.61（0.50-0.74）。像慢跑[每增加 1 个 METs-h/天，RR 为 0.87（0.82-0.92）]、体操[0.87（0.81-0.93）]、骑自行车[0.91（0.85-0.98）]和田径[0.94（0.89-0.98）]这样的活动与更好的健康感知有关。患有任何慢性疾病的正常体重参与者报告不佳 SRH 的可能性低于超重/肥胖且患有任何慢性疾病的参与者。经常食用面包（>2 份/天）与调整后的健康感知量表均值较低相关，而较高的蔬菜、水果或鱼类消费与更好的 SRH 相关。我们可以得出结论，即使患有慢性疾病，正常体重参与者报告不佳健康感知的可能性也低于超重/肥胖且患有慢性疾病（尤其是高血压和糖尿病）的参与者。像慢跑、体操、骑自行车和田径这样的活动，以及更高的水果、蔬菜和鱼类消费，与更好的健康评分感知有关。
