Herreid Clyde F, LaRussa Vincent F, DeFesi Charles R
Departments of Biology and Anatomy, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York 14214.
J Morphol. 1976 Oct;150(2):423-451. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051500211.
Stichopus moebii, a sea cucumber, has a closed circulatory system which is unique in its degree of development for the phylum Echinodermata. The gross anatomy, histology and fine structure of the system were studied. Blood vessels consist of a coelomic surface of ciliated epithelium, a layer of muscle and nerve cells, followed by connective tissue and luminal lining of endothelium. Basically the blood vascular system consists of two major vessels running parallel to the gut: the dorsal vessel pumps colorless blood via the vessels within the walls of the intestine into the ventral vessel. There are two specialized areas of the circulation: (1) At the upper small intestine 120 to 150 muscular single-chambered hearts pump blood from the dorsal vessel into a series of intestinal plates. (2) At the lower region of the small intestine the vasculature is associated with the left respiratory tree. Blood passing from the dorsal pulmonary vessel can take two routes to the gut, it either passes through myriads of minute respiratory shunt vessels entangled with the respiratory tree or it passes through a unique follicle network consisting of tiny channels periodically dilated into chambers filled with iron deposits, necrotic cells and developing coelomocytes.
莫氏海参（Stichopus moebii）具有封闭的循环系统，在棘皮动物门中其发育程度独特。对该系统的大体解剖、组织学和精细结构进行了研究。血管由纤毛上皮的体腔表面、一层肌肉和神经细胞组成，接着是结缔组织和内皮的管腔衬里。基本上，血液循环系统由两条与肠道平行的主要血管组成：背血管将无色血液通过肠壁内的血管泵入腹血管。有两个特殊的循环区域：（1）在小肠上部，120至150个肌肉单腔心脏将血液从背血管泵入一系列肠板。（2）在小肠下部，脉管系统与左呼吸树相关。从背肺血管流出的血液可通过两条途径到达肠道，它要么穿过与呼吸树缠绕在一起的无数微小呼吸分流血管，要么穿过一个独特的滤泡网络，该网络由微小通道组成，这些通道会周期性地扩张成充满铁沉积物、坏死细胞和正在发育的体腔细胞的腔室。
