White Roisin, Gatzke-Kopp Lisa M, Ryan Patrick J, Lydon-Staley David M
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Department of Bioengineering, The University of Pennsylvania, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Dev Psychobiol. 2019 Jan;61(1):56-68. doi: 10.1002/dev.21785. Epub 2018 Sep 27.
Variants of the DRD2 Taq1A polymorphism, which have been shown to result in functional differences in dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), have been linked to various externalizing outcomes in adults. However, the neurobiological processes that contribute to these associations are not well understood. The current study investigates gene × environment effects on teacher-rated externalizing behaviors and probabilistic decision making in a sample of 333 children (age 9) enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study. Findings indicate that externalizing behaviors increased as a function of hypoxic exposure only among individuals carrying the A1 (A1+) allele. Results also indicate that willingness to pursue reward under conditions of maximum uncertainty (50% probability) decreased as a function of hypoxic exposure only among A1- individuals. Among A1 carriers, no association between probability decision making and hypoxic exposure emerged. These findings suggest that hypoxia could influence neural development through different biological pathways depending on D2 receptor genotype, and provide insight into the development of individual differences in behavior and decision making.
DRD2 Taq1A基因多态性的变体已被证明会导致多巴胺D2受体（D2R）功能上的差异，并且与成年人的各种外化行为结果有关。然而，导致这些关联的神经生物学过程尚未得到很好的理解。当前的研究在一项正在进行的纵向研究中，对333名9岁儿童的样本，调查了基因×环境对教师评定的外化行为和概率决策的影响。研究结果表明，只有携带A1（A1+）等位基因的个体，外化行为才会随着低氧暴露而增加。结果还表明，只有A1-个体在最大不确定性（50%概率）条件下追求奖励的意愿才会随着低氧暴露而降低。在A1携带者中，概率决策与低氧暴露之间没有关联。这些发现表明，低氧可能根据D2受体基因型通过不同的生物学途径影响神经发育，并为行为和决策中个体差异的发展提供见解。
