Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Jun;36(11-12):5036-5054. doi: 10.1177/0886260518802850. Epub 2018 Sep 28.
occurs when, following sexual victimization, institutions create hostile environments which normalize sexual violence, make it difficult to report the experience, mishandle the complaint, attempt to cover up the experience, or retaliate against survivors. These responses are not uncommon and have been linked to adverse survivor outcomes such as dissociation, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, poorer physical health, and depression, yet little is known about which survivors are most at risk for experiencing institutional betrayal. Using a sample of 404 sexual assault survivors recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, the current study employed logistic regression to identify risk factors for institutional betrayal. The findings indicate that institutional betrayal is more likely to be reported by survivors who identify as heterosexual, were older at the time of the assault, and endorse more severe PTSD symptoms yet, unexpectedly, less severe distress severity. Gender, race, assault characteristics, and disclosure tendencies did not significantly predict institutional betrayal risk. Although some relationships may be bidirectional, the results suggest that survivors already at risk for some negative post-assault outcomes may be particularly at risk for institutional betrayal.
当性侵犯发生后，机构会营造出一种敌对的环境，使性暴力行为正常化，使报告经历变得困难，处理投诉不当，试图掩盖经历，或对幸存者进行报复。这些反应并不罕见，与幸存者的不良后果有关，如分离、焦虑、性功能障碍、身体健康状况较差和抑郁，但对于哪些幸存者最有可能经历机构背叛，人们知之甚少。本研究使用从亚马逊 Mechanical Turk 招募的 404 名性侵犯幸存者的样本，采用逻辑回归来确定机构背叛的风险因素。研究结果表明，机构背叛更有可能被认定为异性恋的幸存者、在袭击时年龄较大的幸存者以及更严重的 PTSD 症状报告，但令人意外的是，他们的痛苦严重程度较低。性别、种族、袭击特征和披露倾向并没有显著预测机构背叛风险。尽管有些关系可能是双向的，但结果表明，已经面临某些负面创伤后后果风险的幸存者，可能特别容易受到机构背叛的影响。
