Aix-Marseille Université and CNRS, LNC (UMR 7291), 3 Place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, LaPSCo (UMR 6024), 17 rue Paul Collomp, 63037 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2018 Oct;22(10):923-937. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.07.011.
Time is relative. Changes in cognitive state or sensory context make it appear to speed up or slow down. Our perception of time is a rather fragile mental construct derived from the way events in the world are processed and integrated in memory. Nevertheless, the slippery concept of time can be structured by draping it over more concrete functional scaffolding. Converging evidence from developmental studies of children and neuroimaging in adults indicates that we can represent time in spatial or motor terms. We hypothesise that explicit processing of time is mediated by motor structures of the brain in adulthood because we implicitly learn about time through action during childhood. Future challenges will be to harness motor or spatial representations of time to optimise behaviour, potentially for therapeutic gain.
时间是相对的。认知状态或感官环境的变化会使其看起来变快或变慢。我们对时间的感知是一种相当脆弱的心理建构，它源自于我们对世界事件的处理方式以及在记忆中的整合方式。然而，时间这一难以捉摸的概念可以通过将其构建在更具体的功能结构上来结构化。来自儿童发展研究和成人神经影像学的综合证据表明，我们可以用空间或运动术语来表示时间。我们假设，在成年期，大脑的运动结构介导了对时间的明确处理，因为我们在童年时期通过行动无意识地了解时间。未来的挑战将是利用时间的运动或空间表示来优化行为，可能会带来治疗上的收益。
