Grupo de Análise Instrumental Aplicada (GAIA), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo State, 13565-905, Brazil.
Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, São Paulo State, 13560-970, Brazil.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Sep 28;190(10):618. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6990-y.
The tanning industry is one of the largest environmental polluters due to high generation waste in all production processes, but the tanning is particularly worrisome due to the use of significant amounts of chromium. Cr is an element potentially toxic to both health and the environment, depending on the concentration and the oxidation state. Cr(VI) can come in contact with human skin when using leather goods, which can cause allergies and dermatitis, besides being carcinogenic. Considering that approximately 90% of the world production of leather is performed with Cr salts, the determination of this element in leather is necessary to avoid exposure to the risks that the element can provide. The main goal of this study was the development of an alternative analytical method for the determination of Cr in leathers (ovine and bovine leather tanned with Cr and vegetable tannin) using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) for direct solid analysis. Besides performing analysis of the chemical composition and determination of Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, Ti, and Zn in leather by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Principal component analysis (PCA) was also used in the evaluation of the WDXRF and ICP OES data sets. WDXRF calibration models for Cr presented satisfactory figures of merit and the analysis of the leathers revealed an alarming concentration of total Cr in the samples reaching 21,353 mg kg.
制革业是最大的环境污染者之一，因为在所有生产过程中都会产生大量的废物，但制革业尤其令人担忧，因为它使用了大量的铬。铬是一种对健康和环境都有潜在毒性的元素，这取决于其浓度和氧化态。当使用皮革制品时，Cr(VI) 可能会接触到人体皮肤，这会引起过敏和皮炎，此外还具有致癌性。考虑到世界上大约 90%的皮革生产都是使用 Cr 盐进行的，因此有必要对皮革中的这种元素进行测定，以避免接触到该元素可能带来的风险。本研究的主要目的是开发一种替代分析方法，用于使用波长色散 X 射线荧光（WDXRF）直接进行固体分析，测定皮革（用 Cr 和植物鞣剂鞣制的绵羊皮和牛皮）中的 Cr。此外，还通过电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱法（ICP OES）对皮革中的 Al、As、Ba、Ca、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Ni、Pb、Sb、Sr、Ti 和 Zn 进行化学组成分析和测定。还使用主成分分析（PCA）对 WDXRF 和 ICP OES 数据集进行了评估。Cr 的 WDXRF 校准模型表现出令人满意的衡量标准，对皮革的分析显示，样品中总 Cr 的浓度令人震惊，达到 21353mgkg。
