Fine-Tuning Deep Learning by Crowd Participation.

One of the major challenges currently facing researchers in applying deep learning (DL) models to medical image analysis is the limited amount of annotated data. Collecting such ground-truth annotations requires domain knowledge, cost, and time, making it infeasible for large-scale databases. Albarqouni et al. [S5] presented a novel concept for learning DL models from noisy annotations collected through crowdsourcing platforms (e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk and Crowdflower) by introducing a robust aggregation layer to the convolutional neural networks (Figure S2). Their proposed method was validated on a publicly available database on breast cancer histology images, showing astonishing results of their robust aggregation method compared to the baseline of majority voting. In follow-up work, Albarqouni et al. [S6] introduced the novel concept of a translation from an image to a video game object for biomedical images. This technique allows medical images to be represented as star-shaped objects that can be easily embedded into a readily available game canvas. The proposed method reduces the necessity of domain knowledge for annotations. Exciting and promising results were reported compared to the conventional crowdsourcing platforms.