Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Tropical Medicine Institute USP-LIM53/Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2018;18(15):1333-1348. doi: 10.2174/1568026618666181002112231.
The thermally-dimorphic systemic fungal group includes several important human pathogens: Blastomyces dermatitides, Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, P. lutzii, and Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. They usually are geographically restricted and have natural habitats in soil or in plants, and when fungal propagules invade mammalian host by inhalation, they initiate an inflammatory reaction that can result in self-resolution of the infection or cause an acute or chronic disease. In the setting of the AIDS pandemic and the developments in modern medicine, such as immunosuppressive therapy in cancer surgery patients and in transplantation and autoimmune diseases, the incidence of endemic mycoses has progressively increased. Another important factor of the increased incidence of systemic mycoses in certain regions is the progressive devastation of tropical and subtropical forests. In this review, we focus on two of the most important systemic mycoses: paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis, and their major characteristics in epidemiology, clinical aspects and laboratorial diagnosis.
皮炎芽生菌、粗球孢子菌和波氏假粗球孢子菌、荚膜组织胞浆菌、巴西副球孢子菌、秘鲁球孢子菌和马尔尼菲篮状菌。它们通常具有地理局限性，其自然栖息地在土壤或植物中，当真菌繁殖体通过吸入侵入哺乳动物宿主时，会引发炎症反应，导致感染自行消退或引起急性或慢性疾病。在艾滋病大流行和现代医学发展的背景下，如癌症手术患者和移植以及自身免疫性疾病中的免疫抑制治疗，地方性真菌病的发病率逐渐增加。在某些地区系统性真菌病发病率增加的另一个重要因素是热带和亚热带森林的逐渐破坏。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注两种最重要的系统性真菌病：副球孢子菌病和组织胞浆菌病，以及它们在流行病学、临床方面和实验室诊断方面的主要特征。
