Mäcken Jana, Merkel Sebastian, Heß Moritz, Hilbert Josef, Naegele Gerhard
Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Universitätsstraße 22a, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
FFG Forschungsgesellschaft für Gerontologie e. V., Institute of Gerontology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 Feb;52(Suppl 1):25-31. doi: 10.1007/s00391-018-1452-2. Epub 2018 Oct 2.
The aging of societies will increase the need for healthcare services and lead to a growing number of older employees. These two developments are relevant in the healthcare sector (HCS), which is of rising societal and economic importance and at the same time employs many older people.
This article, which was written within the EXTEND project, investigates the working conditions and the prospective retirement age of older employees in the HCS in comparison to other sectors and explores what companies are doing to address the needs of this group.
The analysis was conducted as a mixed methods approach. The quantitative part was based on data derived from the Transitions and Old Age Potential (TOP) study in which older German employees were asked about their working conditions and retirement transitions. Matching techniques (coarsened exact matching) were used to investigate differences between sectors. The sample consisted of 114 employees aged between 55 and 65 years, working in the HCS and their statistical twins. The qualitative analysis was based on case studies in two inpatient care organizations and two hospitals in Germany. A total of 23 semistructured interviews with staff members and with representatives of the management were carried out and thematically analyzed.
The results showed that older employees in the HCS do not expect to retire earlier but preferred to do so significantly more often. Furthermore, HCS employees are more likely to face physically burdensome working conditions than in other sectors of the economy. The case studies indicated that there are very diverse and unsystematic strategies in addressing and supporting older employees.
Older employees in the HCS sector are employed in much harsher working conditions than their peers in other sectors. This must be kept in mind when trying to extend their working lives.
社会老龄化将增加对医疗保健服务的需求，并导致老年员工数量不断增加。这两个发展趋势在医疗保健部门（HCS）中具有相关性，该部门在社会和经济方面的重要性日益提高，同时雇佣了许多老年人。
本文是在EXTEND项目中撰写的，旨在比较医疗保健部门与其他部门老年员工的工作条件和预期退休年龄，并探讨公司为满足这一群体的需求正在采取哪些措施。
分析采用混合方法进行。定量部分基于从转型与老年潜力（TOP）研究中获得的数据，该研究询问了德国老年员工的工作条件和退休转型情况。使用匹配技术（精确匹配粗化）来研究不同部门之间的差异。样本包括114名年龄在55至65岁之间、在医疗保健部门工作的员工及其统计孪生对象。定性分析基于对德国两家住院护理机构和两家医院的案例研究。共对工作人员和管理层代表进行了23次半结构化访谈，并进行了主题分析。
结果表明，医疗保健部门的老年员工并不期望提前退休，但明显更倾向于提前退休。此外，与经济中的其他部门相比，医疗保健部门的员工更有可能面临身体负担较重的工作条件。案例研究表明，在应对和支持老年员工方面存在非常多样化且缺乏系统性的策略。
医疗保健部门的老年员工所从事的工作条件比其他部门的同龄人要恶劣得多。在试图延长他们的工作寿命时，必须牢记这一点。
