du Prel Jean-Baptist, Schrettenbrunner Christine, Hasselhorn Hans Martin
Fakultät für Maschinenbau und Sicherheitstechnik, Lehrstuhl für Arbeitswissenschaft, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2019 Feb;52(Suppl 1):3-13. doi: 10.1007/s00391-018-1450-4. Epub 2018 Oct 2.
Over the course of the demographic transition with an aging and shrinking work force, work participation of older employees becomes more and more important. Earlier investigations found social groups to be different in work-related and individual aspects, which were shown to be associated with motivation for early retirement.
The aim of the study was to investigate the differences between older employees from distinct social groups in the motivation and determinants for early retirement.
Within the framework of the prospective lidA cohort study ( www.lida-studie.de ) socially insured employees born in 1959 and 1965 were asked about work, health and work participation. Based on data from the 3961 participants who were employed at the time of both study waves (2011, 2014), associations between variables of horizontal (gender, migration background) and vertical (education) social inequality and motivation for early retirement were analyzed with multiple logistic regression and interaction analysis.
There was an educational gradient regarding the motivation to retire in the expected direction. The wish to retire before the age of 65 years was less common in male than in female older employees. Employees with a lower level of education and with a first generation migration background wished to retire early significantly less frequently than those without a migration background. Besides the interaction between migration background and education there were no further significant moderating effects of work-related or non-work-related variables on the association of social variables and the wish to retire early.
According to the results there are differences between social groups of older employees in the motivation to retire early. The reasons and the final realization still have to be investigated. As a result, consequences for companies and politics with respect to the preservation of the work force can arise.
在人口结构转变过程中，劳动力老龄化且数量减少，老年员工的工作参与变得越来越重要。早期调查发现不同社会群体在与工作相关和个人方面存在差异，这些差异被证明与提前退休的动机有关。
本研究旨在调查不同社会群体的老年员工在提前退休动机和决定因素方面的差异。
在退休动机方面存在符合预期方向的教育梯度。65岁前退休的意愿在老年男性员工中比在女性员工中更少见。教育程度较低且有第一代移民背景的员工希望提前退休的频率明显低于没有移民背景的员工。除了移民背景和教育程度之间的相互作用外，与工作相关或非工作相关的变量对社会变量与提前退休意愿之间的关联没有进一步的显著调节作用。
根据研究结果，老年员工的不同社会群体在提前退休动机方面存在差异。其原因及最终实现情况仍有待研究。因此，可能会对公司和政策在劳动力保留方面产生影响。
