Department of Environmental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Pontianak, Jl. 28 Oktober, Pontianak, 78241, Indonesia.
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Farmako Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Oct 2;190(11):628. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6958-y.
Pollution of nitrate in water wells in Yogyakarta City was reported to increase for two decades. This study aimed to describe nitrate contamination in the water wells of colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, previously described elsewhere. Nitrate and chloride content of 150 water samples from the wells of patients with CRC and IBD who were residing in Yogyakarta, Sleman, or Bantul districts were examined. Description of nitrate contamination was presented in the form of box plot charts and map. Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used to measure the difference of nitrate concentration in three areas of study. Comparisons of nitrate and chloride concentrations were used to determine the source of nitrate contamination in water well. Fisher's exact test was used to describe the relationship of well distance with the septic tank to nitrate concentration in water well. The wells in Yogyakarta City had the highest median nitrate content compared to Sleman and Bantul (P = 0.001) with the median of 56.6, 13.1, and 7.7 for Yogyakarta, Sleman, and Bantul, respectively, and most tested samples exceed WHO safe drinking water standards. The spread of nitrate contamination has occurred in areas adjacent to Yogyakarta City compared to the previous report. The ratio of nitrate to chloride (1-8:1) suggested that the source of nitrate contamination in water wells in the study area came from feces due to inadequate on-site sanitation. The mapping showed nitrate contamination in water wells in Yogyakarta City, Sleman, and Bantul districts had spread according to urban development.
据报道，雅加达市水井中的硝酸盐污染在过去 20 年呈上升趋势。本研究旨在描述先前在其他地方描述过的结直肠癌 (CRC) 和炎症性肠病 (IBD) 患者水井中的硝酸盐污染情况。检查了居住在日惹、斯莱曼或班图尔地区的 CRC 和 IBD 患者的 150 个水井的水样中的硝酸盐和氯化物含量。以箱线图和地图的形式呈现硝酸盐污染的描述。Kruskal-Wallis 分析用于测量研究区域中硝酸盐浓度的差异。比较硝酸盐和氯化物浓度用于确定水井中硝酸盐污染的来源。Fisher 确切检验用于描述水井距离与化粪池与水井中硝酸盐浓度之间的关系。与斯莱曼和班图尔相比，雅加达市的水井中硝酸盐含量最高（P = 0.001），中位数分别为 56.6、13.1 和 7.7，且大多数测试样本均超过世卫组织安全饮用水标准。与之前的报告相比，硝酸盐污染的扩散已经发生在雅加达市附近地区。硝酸盐与氯化物的比值（1-8:1）表明，研究区域水井中硝酸盐污染的来源是由于现场卫生条件不足而导致的粪便。地图显示，雅加达市、斯莱曼和班图尔地区水井中的硝酸盐污染已根据城市发展情况扩散。
