Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Acton 2601, Australia.
Swiss Centre for International Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 1;18(5):2368. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052368.
Since 2005, over 30 epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between nitrate in drinking water and adverse health outcomes. Conditions that lead to nitrate pollution in water, such as open defecation, the proximity of septic tanks to water sources, and the use of inorganic fertilizer, are rampant in Indonesia, which has experienced little research evaluating nitrate in drinking water. We conducted a health risk assessment for exposure to nitrate in drinking water and evaluated the nitrate concentration in key water sources in two villages of rural Central Java, Indonesia. The nitrate concentrations in the drinking water ranged from 3.55 mg/L to 26.75 mg/L as NO. Daily nitrate intake estimates, calculated at 50% and 95% exposure to the maximum nitrate concentration of the drinking water in both villages, were above the levels associated with birth defects, colorectal cancer, and thyroid conditions observed in other studies. There was a large variation in nitrate concentrations between and within the villages at different water sources. Further research into whether these health outcomes exist in rural Central Java, Indonesia will be required to better understand this risk.
自 2005 年以来，已有 30 多项流行病学研究评估了饮用水中硝酸盐与不良健康结果之间的关系。印度尼西亚的水受到硝酸盐污染的情况很普遍，例如露天排便、化粪池与水源的距离较近以及使用无机肥料等，但对于饮用水中的硝酸盐却很少有研究进行评估。我们对饮用水中硝酸盐暴露进行了健康风险评估，并评估了印度尼西亚中爪哇省两个农村村庄的主要水源中的硝酸盐浓度。饮用水中的硝酸盐浓度范围为 3.55mg/L 至 26.75mg/L 作为 NO。根据两个村庄饮用水中硝酸盐最大浓度的 50%和 95%暴露水平计算，每日硝酸盐摄入量估计值高于其他研究中观察到的与出生缺陷、结直肠癌和甲状腺疾病相关的水平。不同水源的村庄之间和村庄内的硝酸盐浓度存在很大差异。需要进一步研究印度尼西亚中爪哇省是否存在这些健康结果，以更好地了解这种风险。
