埃塞俄米亚奥罗米亚州选定地区人类和非人类灵长类动物的感染情况。

infection in human and nonhuman primates in selected areas of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.

作者信息

Kebede Tadesse, Negash Yohanis, Erko Berhanu

机构信息

Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, School of Medicine; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.

Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.

出版信息

J Vector Borne Dis. 2018 Apr-Jun;55(2):116-121. doi: 10.4103/0972-9062.242558.

DOI:10.4103/0972-9062.242558

PMID:30280709

Abstract

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The transmission of schistosomiasis, caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, relies on freshwater snails that act as an intermediate host while human and other mammalian act as the definitive hosts. Many non-human primates (NHPs) such as Chlorocebus aethiops (vervet) and Papio anubis (baboon) are reported to be infected with Schistosoma mansoni in Ethiopia, but the role they play in parasite maintenance and transmission is still not clear. The objective of this study was, therefore, to determine the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in human and NHPs living in close proximities to villages in selected endemic areas of Ethiopia.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from 911 humans, and fresh faecal droppings from 106 NHPs from Bochesa (Ziway), Bishan Gari (Kime) and Finchaa (Camp 7) endemic localities in Oromia Regional State, and examined for S. mansoni and other helminth infections using Kato-Katz method for human participants and direct microscopic examination for NHPs.

RESULTS

The prevalence of helminthiasis among the human study population was 42.4% (386/911), and for soil-transmitted helminth infections (A. lumbricoides, hookworms, and T. trichiura) it was 13.4% (122/911). In humans S. mansoni was the predominant parasite, 23.1% (210/911) followed by A. lumbricoides, 8.7% (79/911); hookworms, 5.8% (53/911); T. trichiura, 4.8% (44/911); Taenia species, 2.2% (20/911); E. vermicularis, 2.1% (19/911); and H. nana, 3.2% (29/911). NHPs were found positive for Trichuris species and Strongyloides species besides S. mansoni.

INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: NHPs might play a significant role in local transmission and maintenance of S. mansoni infection even in the absence of human hosts. This calls for supplementation of chemotherapy for schistosomiasis along with measures such as snail control to interrupt transmission of the disease from humans to NHPs, and vice-versa.

摘要

背景与目的

由血吸虫属吸虫引起的血吸虫病传播依赖淡水螺作为中间宿主，而人类和其他哺乳动物作为终宿主。据报道，在埃塞俄比亚，许多非人灵长类动物（NHPs），如埃塞俄比亚绿猴（草原猴）和阿拉伯狒狒感染了曼氏血吸虫，但它们在寄生虫维持和传播中所起的作用仍不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是确定生活在埃塞俄比亚选定流行地区村庄附近的人类和非人灵长类动物中曼氏血吸虫感染的患病率。

方法

在这项横断面研究中，从奥罗米亚州博切萨（齐瓦伊）、比尚加里（基梅）和芬查（7号营地）流行地区的911名人类中收集粪便样本，并从106只非人灵长类动物中收集新鲜粪便，使用加藤厚涂片法对人类参与者检测曼氏血吸虫和其他蠕虫感染，对非人灵长类动物进行直接显微镜检查。

结果

人类研究人群中蠕虫病的患病率为42.4%（386/911），土壤传播的蠕虫感染（蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫）患病率为13.4%（122/911）。在人类中，曼氏血吸虫是主要寄生虫，患病率为23.1%（210/911），其次是蛔虫，患病率为8.7%（79/911）；钩虫患病率为5.8%（53/911）；鞭虫患病率为4.8%（44/911）；绦虫患病率为2.2%（20/911）；蛲虫患病率为2.1%（19/911）；微小膜壳绦虫患病率为3.2%（29/911）。除曼氏血吸虫外，还发现非人灵长类动物感染了鞭虫属和类圆线虫属。