Ojeda Rodriguez Jafet A., Ladd Megan, Brandis Dov
USAF
Touro University California
Abdominal thrusts or the Heimlich maneuver is a first-aid procedure used to treat upper airway obstruction caused by a foreign body. This skill is commonly taught during basic life support (BLS) and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) classes, but it never receives as much attention as chest compressions and rescue breaths do. The abdominal thrust maneuver can be performed in both children and adults via different techniques. In the 1960s, choking on food, toys, and other objects was the sixth leading cause of accidental death in the United States. Slapping individuals on the back was the main response and was frequently found to be ineffective, at times even lodging the object further down. The Heimlich maneuver was initially introduced in 1974 by Dr. Henry Heimlich after proving his theory that the reserve of air in the lung could serve to dislodge objects from the esophagus by quick upwards thrust under the ribcage. The medical community of the time did not embrace the maneuver right away. The American Red Cross (ARC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) continued to promoted backslaps for ten years after the introduction of the Heimlich maneuver. Today, the Heimlich maneuver is accepted and taught during BLS and ACLS for conscious adults, but backslaps are still a recommendation for infants, and chest compressions are recommended for unconscious patients. Furthermore, different techniques of the maneuver have been developed with conflicting effectiveness results.
腹部冲击法或海姆立克急救法是一种用于治疗异物导致上呼吸道阻塞的急救程序。这项技能通常在基础生命支持（BLS）和高级心脏生命支持（ACLS）课程中教授，但它从未像胸外按压和人工呼吸那样受到同等程度的关注。腹部冲击法可通过不同技术应用于儿童和成人。在20世纪60年代，在美国，因食物、玩具和其他物品窒息是意外死亡的第六大主要原因。拍打背部是主要应对措施，但人们经常发现它无效，有时甚至会使异物进一步深入。海姆立克急救法最初由亨利·海姆立克医生于1974年提出，此前他证明了自己的理论，即肺部留存的空气可通过在胸腔下方快速向上推压将异物从食管中排出。当时的医学界并未立即接受这一急救法。在海姆立克急救法提出后的十年里，美国红十字会（ARC）和美国心脏协会（AHA）仍继续推广拍打背部的方法。如今，在基础生命支持和高级心脏生命支持课程中，有意识的成年人接受海姆立克急救法的教学，但对于婴儿仍建议采用拍打背部的方法，对于无意识患者则建议进行胸外按压。此外，已经开发出不同的急救法技术，其效果结果相互矛盾。
