通过涉及配位相互作用的分级自组装构建刺激响应性功能材料。

Construction of Stimuli-Responsive Functional Materials via Hierarchical Self-Assembly Involving Coordination Interactions.

作者信息

Chen Li-Jun, Yang Hai-Bo

机构信息

Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , People's Republic of China.

出版信息

Acc Chem Res. 2018 Nov 20;51(11):2699-2710. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00317. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

Abstract

Supramolecular self-assembly, which creates the ordered structures as a result of spontaneous organization of building blocks driven by noncovalent interactions (NCIs), is ubiquitous in nature. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that nature often builds up complex structures by employing a hierarchical self-assembly (HSA) strategy, in which the components are brought together in a stepwise process via multiple NCIs. Inspired by the dedicated biological structures in nature, HSA has been widely explored to construct well-defined assemblies with increasing complexity. The employment of direct metal-ligand bonds to drive the formation of discrete metallosupramolecular architectures has proven to be a highly efficient strategy to prepare structurally diverse architectures like two-dimensional (2-D) polygons and three-dimensional (3-D) polyhedra with well-defined shapes, sizes, and geometries. Such well-defined organometallic assemblies provide an ideal platform for designing novel artificial supramolecular systems with the increasing complexity though HSA. The presence of a well-defined organometallic scaffold brings an additional dimension to the final nanoscale structures. Moreover, the multilevel dynamic nature of hierarchical self-assemblies brings more structural and functional possibilities of resultant supramolecular systems. This Account will focus on our recent advance on construction of stimuli-responsive functional materials through HSA involving coordination interactions. In our study, a series of functionalized metallacycles were first constructed through coordination-driven self-assembly (CDSA). Then, the secondary noncovalent interaction sites were integrated within the functionalized metallacycle system via either preassembly or postassembly approach. Different segments, such as alkyl chains, dendrimers, cholesteryl moiety, covalent macrocycles, and even polymeric fragments, which could provide hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, CH-π and π-π interactions, and host-guest interactions, have been utilized to provide the secondary NCIs. Further self-assembly of functionalized metallacycles gives rise to the formation of complex higher-order structures driven by other NCIs by taking advantages of orthogonal property of coordination bonds with other NCIs. By changing the type of additional NCIs embodied in building blocks, different supramolecular architectures, such as the ordered nanostructures, supramolecular polymers and gels, fluorescent materials and sensors, have been successfully prepared with the tailored chemical and physical properties. In particular, the dynamic nature of coordination bonds as well as other NCIs endows final assemblies with stimuli-responsive functions. Collectively, our studies suggest that combining coordination and other NCIs in a well-defined and precise manner is a highly efficient strategy to achieve the complex architectures and functional materials. Therefore, it is very promising to develop the desired functional materials with high precision and fidelity by employing HSA involving coordination interactions.

摘要

超分子自组装是指由非共价相互作用(NCI)驱动的构建单元自发组织形成有序结构的过程,在自然界中普遍存在。近年来,越来越明显的是,自然界常常通过采用分级自组装(HSA)策略构建复杂结构,即通过多个NCI将组件逐步聚集在一起。受自然界中特定生物结构的启发,HSA已被广泛探索用于构建复杂度不断增加的明确定义的组装体。利用直接的金属-配体键来驱动离散金属超分子结构的形成,已被证明是一种高效策略,可制备具有明确形状、尺寸和几何结构的结构多样的结构,如二维(2-D)多边形和三维(3-D)多面体。这种明确定义的有机金属组装体为通过HSA设计具有不断增加复杂度的新型人工超分子系统提供了理想平台。明确定义的有机金属支架的存在为最终的纳米级结构增添了一个额外维度。此外,分级自组装的多级动态性质为所得超分子系统带来了更多的结构和功能可能性。本综述将重点介绍我们最近在通过涉及配位相互作用的HSA构建刺激响应性功能材料方面的进展。在我们的研究中,首先通过配位驱动自组装(CDSA)构建了一系列功能化金属环。然后,通过预组装或后组装方法将二级非共价相互作用位点整合到功能化金属环系统中。不同的片段,如烷基链、树枝状大分子、胆固醇部分、共价大环,甚至聚合物片段,它们可以提供疏水和亲水相互作用、范德华力、氢键、CH-π和π-π相互作用以及主客体相互作用,已被用于提供二级NCI。功能化金属环的进一步自组装利用配位键与其他NCI的正交性质,通过其他NCI驱动形成复杂的高阶结构。通过改变构建单元中体现的额外NCI的类型,成功制备了具有定制化学和物理性质的不同超分子结构,如有序纳米结构、超分子聚合物和凝胶、荧光材料和传感器。特别是,配位键以及其他NCI的动态性质赋予最终组装体刺激响应功能。总体而言,我们的研究表明,以明确和精确的方式结合配位和其他NCI是实现复杂结构和功能材料的高效策略。因此,通过采用涉及配位相互作用的HSA来高精度和高保真地开发所需功能材料非常有前景。

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