Li Junjian, Chen Qi, Wen Ming, Wang Jiatong, Wang Yinliang, Ren Bingzhong
a Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization , Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin , China.
b Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology , MOE, Northeast Normal University , Changchun , Jilin , China.
Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal. 2019 Apr;30(3):385-396. doi: 10.1080/24701394.2018.1502280. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
Ensifera is an extremely diverse group in the order Orthoptera, and it has been the subject of considerable research, especially in terms of phylogeny and bioacoustics. Katydids are known for using high-frequency broadband signals whereas most cricket songs are pure tones with a frequency range of 2-8 kHz. Pseudophyllus titan is a special katydid emits low-frequency pure tone songs similar to that of crickets. Acoustic communication of Ensifera were widely studied, but song evolution could deserve new examination taking into account the newly available phylogenies. To examine the song evolution of P. titan in the Ensifera, the mitogenomes of P. titan and three other ensiferan species (Sphagniana ussuriana, Oecanthus sinensis, Truljalia hibinonis) were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. In addition, the phylogeny of Ensifera was reconstructed including 63 in-group taxa, and the divergence time was further estimated for major ensiferan lineages. Lastly, the evolutions of song frequency were evaluated based on an ancestral character state reconstruction (ACSR). Moreover, we have studied the calling songs of 78 katydids and performed ACSR based on five genes. All phylogeny analyses confirmed that the superfamily Schizodactyloidea was placed basally to the non-grylloid clade. P. titan was in the Pseudophyllinae clade, and this clade had a distant relationship form other lineages in Phaneropteridae. The ACSR showed that P. titan evolved low-frequency pure tone songs independently after ancestors of katydids evolved high-frequency broadband noise. Referring to the geologic time scale, we suggest that the song frequency evolution in the Ensifera to some extent caused by adaptations to the changing habitat under conditions of climate change and plant evolution.
螽亚目是直翅目中一个极其多样化的类群，一直是大量研究的对象，尤其是在系统发育和生物声学方面。螽斯以使用高频宽带信号而闻名，而大多数蟋蟀的鸣声是频率范围在2 - 8千赫的纯音。巨拟叶螽是一种特殊的螽斯，它发出类似于蟋蟀的低频纯音。虽然对螽亚目的声学通讯已有广泛研究，但考虑到新获得的系统发育关系，鸣声进化仍值得重新审视。为了研究巨拟叶螽在螽亚目中的鸣声进化，通过高通量测序获得了巨拟叶螽和其他三种螽亚目物种（乌苏里斯氏叶螽、中华稻蝗、日本条螽）的线粒体基因组。此外，重建了包含63个类群的螽亚目系统发育关系，并进一步估计了主要螽亚目谱系的分歧时间。最后，基于祖先性状状态重建（ACSR）评估了鸣声频率的进化。此外，我们研究了78种螽斯的求偶鸣声，并基于五个基因进行了ACSR分析。所有系统发育分析均证实，裂跗螽超科位于非蟋蟀类分支的基部。巨拟叶螽属于拟叶螽亚科分支，该分支与叶螽科的其他谱系关系较远。ACSR分析表明，在螽斯祖先进化出高频宽带噪声之后，巨拟叶螽独立进化出了低频纯音。参照地质时间尺度，我们认为螽亚目的鸣声频率进化在一定程度上是对气候变化和植物进化背景下栖息地变化的适应结果。
